A
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Renal & ElectrolyteLab test / biomarkerriskpartially modifiable
46
evidence score
Also known as: eGFR, egfr, estimated glomerular filtration, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), gfr, glomerular filtration rate
PREVENT status
✓ Used by PREVENT (core input).
Causal support
observational only
Score components
lit volume: 20.9meta-analyses: 20trials: 4.8genetic: 0MR bonus:
References (121)
8 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METADiscordance in Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based eGFR and Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. — JAMA 2025 · PMID 41202182
- METAMendelian randomization studies of lifestyle-related risk factors for stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Frontiers in endocrinology 2024 · PMID 39558973
- METAA systematic review and Meta-analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles proteome in diabetic nephropathy. — Frontiers in endocrinology 2022 · PMID 36034457
- METAAssociation of NT-proBNP and BNP With Future Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ESKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2020 · PMID 32387090
- METACystatin C for predicting all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis. — Bioscience reports 2019 · PMID 30643006
- METAThe Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Cardiorenal medicine 2019 · PMID 31743918
- METAGlobal Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — PLoS ONE 2016 · PMID 27383068
- METAEstimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. — The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2015 · PMID 26028594
- Molecular and Functional Significance of Growth Differentiation Factor-15: A Review on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Biomarker. — Current cardiology reviews 2025 · PMID 39781722
- Predicting major adverse cardiac events in diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a machine learning study from the Silesia Diabetes-Heart Project. — Cardiovascular diabetology 2025 · PMID 39955553
- Interplay of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Effects of Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure, Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Obesity: The SUMMIT Trial. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025 · PMID 40162940
- Association of intra-individual differences in estimated GFR by creatinine versus cystatin C with incident cardiovascular disease. — Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2025 · PMID 40274428
- Estimated pulse wave velocity and the risk of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary revascularization: a retrospective cohort study from MIMIC-IV. — Renal failure 2025 · PMID 40731387
- Identification of cystatin C as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate, and of shrunken pore syndrome - a new kidney disorder defining selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes - calls for expansion of the international KDIGO guidelines. — Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 2025 · PMID 40888652
- Alcohol consumption, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate: tripartite predictors of 10-year cardiovascular risk progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after COVID-19. — Frontiers in endocrinology 2025 · PMID 40933377
- Galectin-3 and kidney function in type 2 diabetes treated with dapagliflozin: Analysis from DECLARE-TIMI 58. — ESC heart failure 2025 · PMID 40952180
- Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI). — Current hypertension reviews 2024 · PMID 38258773
- Physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular risk: A study in half a million adults. — Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2024 · PMID 38268077
- Diabetes mellitus: association of cystatin C- versus creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate with mortality and cardiovascular events. — Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2024 · PMID 38317440
- Lifetime and 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with type 1 diabetes: The LIFE-T1D model. — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2024 · PMID 38456579
- Cystatin C Is a Predictor for Long-Term, All-Cause, and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. — The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2024 · PMID 38597157
- Circulating galectin-3 level association with cardiovascular risk factors during peritoneal dialysis. — Clinical and experimental nephrology 2024 · PMID 38643287
- Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes — New England Journal of Medicine 2024 · PMID 38785209
- Associations of uric acid with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: the Kailuan Study. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2024 · PMID 38946352
- Atherosclerosis quantification and cardiovascular risk: the ISCHEMIA trial. — European heart journal 2024 · PMID 39101625
- Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: Longitudinal Evidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024 · PMID 39297845
- Polygenic Risk Score and Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk Among Never-Smokers by EGFR Mutation Status: A Brief Report. — Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 2024 · PMID 39581378
- Inflammation and Arterial Stiffness as Drivers of Cardiovascular Risk in Kidney Disease. — Cardiorenal medicine 2024 · PMID 39631378
- Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Profiles for Predicting Ischemic Stroke Risk in the General Population. — Stroke 2024 · PMID 39704077
- Differential Associations of Cystatin C Versus Creatinine-Based Kidney Function With Risks of Cardiovascular Event and Mortality Among South Asian Individuals in the UK Biobank. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2023 · PMID 36695320
- Proteomic cardiovascular risk assessment in chronic kidney disease. — European heart journal 2023 · PMID 37014015
- Twenty Years of Cardiovascular Complications and Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37154040
- Update on Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD): Focus on Non-Albuminuric DKD and Cardiovascular Risk. — Biomolecules 2023 · PMID 37238622
- Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by Cadmium and Diabetes: A Quantitative Case-Control Study. — International journal of molecular sciences 2023 · PMID 37240395
- SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. — European heart journal 2023 · PMID 37247330
- Ceramides as Risk Markers for Future Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. — Diabetes 2023 · PMID 37478203
- Modification of Association of Cystatin C With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes by Obesity. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2023 · PMID 37866793
- Development and Validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT Equations. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37947085
- Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37947094
- Usefulness of estimated pulse wave velocity for identifying prevalent coronary heart disease: findings from a general Chinese population. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2022 · PMID 35016632
- Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality During 8.5 Years Follow-up in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Angiography. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2022 · PMID 35535599
- Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes. — The New England journal of medicine 2022 · PMID 36129997
- Level of education is associated with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. — BMJ open diabetes research & care 2022 · PMID 36171015
- Association of Cystatin C Kidney Function Measures With Long-term Deficit-Accumulation Frailty Trajectories and Physical Function Decline. — JAMA network open 2022 · PMID 36178684
- Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses — Circulation 2022 · PMID 36314129
- Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2022 · PMID 36331190
- Venglustat, a Novel Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor, in Patients at Risk of Rapidly Progressing ADPKD: Primary Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2022 · PMID 36535535
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden and Treatment Control in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. — Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 2022 · PMID 36596531
- Cystatin C and Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Predict 5-Year Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2021 · PMID 32691827
- Chronic kidney disease detection, staging and treatment in cardiovascular disease prevention. — Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2021 · PMID 33568433
- Clonal myelopoiesis promotes adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease. — Leukemia 2021 · PMID 34413458
- Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, is associated with significant reduction in weight, body mass index, fasting glucose, and A1c levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease: the SUPER GATE study. — Irish journal of medical science 2021 · PMID 34476725
- Chronic kidney disease measures for cardiovascular risk prediction. — Atherosclerosis 2021 · PMID 34556333
- The difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based eGFR is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease. — Atherosclerosis 2021 · PMID 34571286
- Trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization study reveals causal relationships between cardiometabolic factors and chronic kidney disease. — International journal of epidemiology 2021 · PMID 34999880
- Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis — European Heart Journal 2021 · PMID 35023547
- Chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor. — Journal of hypertension 2020 · PMID 32649622
- Cystatin C and Muscle Mass in Patients With Heart Failure. — Journal of cardiac failure 2020 · PMID 32750487
- Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2020 · PMID 32970396
- Relation Between Globulin, Fibrinogen, and Albumin With the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. — Angiology 2020 · PMID 32996325
- Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function. — Annual review of physiology 2020 · PMID 33197224
- Lead exposure and its association with cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. — International journal of hygiene and environmental health 2020 · PMID 33212357
- Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes — New England Journal of Medicine 2020 · PMID 33264825
- Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes across Different Levels of Albuminuria: Data from the CANVAS Program. — Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2019 · PMID 31530577
- Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management — JAMA 2019 · PMID 31573641
- Apolipoprotein B, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Persons with CKD. — Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2019 · PMID 31831577
- Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients: the real silent killer — Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine 2019 · PMID 31912712
- Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury. — Circulation 2018 · PMID 29352071
- Associations between normal range albuminuria, renal function and cardiovascular function in a population-based imaging study. — Atherosclerosis 2018 · PMID 29579673
- Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in CKD. — Seminars in nephrology 2018 · PMID 29753398
- GDF-15, Galectin 3, Soluble ST2, and Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in CKD. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2018 · PMID 29866459
- Galectin-3 and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes. — Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2018 · PMID 30378236
- Coronary Artery Calcification and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease — JAMA Cardiology 2017 · PMID 28329057
- Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes — New England Journal of Medicine 2017 · PMID 28605608
- Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. — The New England journal of medicine 2016 · PMID 27299675
- Should We STOP Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Advanced Kidney Disease? — The Nephron journals/Nephron journals 2016 · PMID 27336470
- Cardiovascular risk prediction in people with chronic kidney disease. — Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 2016 · PMID 27517136
- Niacin and progression of CKD. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2015 · PMID 25708553
- Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease — BMC Nephrology 2015 · PMID 26187506
- GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective. — Journal of diabetes research 2015 · PMID 26273671
- Race and ethnicity influences on cardiovascular and renal events in patients with diabetes mellitus. — American heart journal 2015 · PMID 26299230
- Central hemodynamics are associated with cardiovascular disease and albuminuria in type 1 diabetes. — American journal of hypertension 2014 · PMID 24627444
- Stroke and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. — The Lancet. Neurology 2014 · PMID 25030514
- Uric acid and chronic kidney disease: which is chasing which? — Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2013 · PMID 23543594
- Association between Water Intake, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data — American Journal of Nephrology 2013 · PMID 23594828
- How to understand the association between cystatin C levels and cardiovascular disease: Imbalance, counterbalance, or consequence? — Journal of cardiology 2013 · PMID 23849291
- Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction — JAMA Internal Medicine 2013 · PMID 24190540
- Bardoxolone Methyl in Type 2 Diabetes and Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2013 · PMID 24206459
- [The importance of NGAL and cystatin C biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases]. — Vnitrni lekarstvi 2012 · PMID 22559802
- Should eGFR and Albuminuria Be Added to the Framingham Risk Score Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction — Nephron Clinical Practice 2011 · PMID 21811078
- Microalbuminuria: marker or maker of cardiovascular disease. — Nephron. Experimental nephrology 2011 · PMID 21832857
- Metabolic Abnormalities, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and GFR Decline in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease — Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2011 · PMID 21841064
- Cystatin C as risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. The Tromsø Study. — Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2011 · PMID 22207328
- Cystatin C and the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. — Stroke 2010 · PMID 20150544
- Effect of Allopurinol in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Cardiovascular Risk — Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2010 · PMID 20538833
- Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: prospective population based cohort study — BMJ 2010 · PMID 20884698
- Arterial stiffness in mild-to-moderate CKD. — Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2009 · PMID 19608701
- Cystatin C and cardiovascular risk. — Clinical chemistry 2009 · PMID 19713275
- Cystatin C and aging success. — Archives of internal medicine 2008 · PMID 18227360
- Serum uric acid is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: A preventive cardiology information system (PreCIS) database cohort study — Arthritis & Rheumatism 2008 · PMID 18240236
Clinical trials (2)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05874141 | Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study in Kharga City, New Valley Governate, Egypt | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | HBA1C, Lipid profile, including total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and Triglycerides, Urine analysis and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio |
| NCT05214872 | Assessment of the Impact of Selected Factors on the Cardiovascular System in Patients With Different Chronic Kidney Disease Stages | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | laboratory parameters - complete blood count, body mass index (BMI) [kg/m^2] calculation, selected parameters of oxidative stress (1) |
Genetic associations (0)
None linked.