A
Interleukin-6
Inflammatory & ImmuneLab test / biomarkerriskmodifiablegenetic-causal
77
evidence score
Also known as: IL-6 plasma levels, il-6, interleukin 6, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels
PREVENT status
Not a PREVENT input variable.
Causal support
genetic causal candidate
Score components
lit volume: 21.7meta-analyses: 20trials: 4.8genetic: 20MR bonus:
Associated genes
IL6IL6R
References (146)
10 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METAEffects of Periodontal Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. — Oral health & preventive dentistry 2025 · PMID 40842443
- METAModulation of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine signaling in animal models of atherosclerosis: a systematic review evaluating animal sex in preclinical research. — European journal of pharmacology 2025 · PMID 41205977
- METAEffects of phytosterols on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Phytotherapy research : PTR 2024 · PMID 39572895
- METAInflammatory and oxidative stress markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Molecular psychiatry 2022 · PMID 35477973
- METABiomarkers of Vascular Inflammation for Cardiovascular Risk Prognostication: A Meta-Analysis. — JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2021 · PMID 34801448
- METAChildhood socioeconomic status and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Brain, behavior, and immunity 2019 · PMID 30738842
- METAIs there an Association Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis in Adults? A Systematic Review. — Current vascular pharmacology 2018 · PMID 28875830
- METAAssociation between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review. — PloS one 2017 · PMID 28085961
- METAInfluence of interleukin-6 gene -174G>C polymorphism on development of atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis of 50 studies involving 33,514 subjects. — Gene 2013 · PMID 23954871
- METAExercise intervention and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. — American heart journal 2012 · PMID 22520533
- Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Tools for Precision Diagnosis and Prognosis. — International journal of molecular sciences 2025 · PMID 40244022
- Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Vascular Recurrence After Stroke With and Without Atherosclerosis. — Stroke 2025 · PMID 40677223
- JA845 Postbiotics Alleviate Atherosclerosis via TMAO-Related Gut Microbiota Regulation and JAK/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition. — Nutrients 2025 · PMID 41097105
- The designer cytokine IC7Fc attenuates atherosclerosis development by targeting hyperlipidemia in mice. — Science advances 2025 · PMID 41134879
- Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Interleukin-6 With Cardiovascular Risk: MESA and UK Biobank. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025 · PMID 41217319
- Predicting cardiovascular disease after preeclampsia: Emerging tools and early detection approaches. — Journal of reproductive immunology 2025 · PMID 41456495
- Comparison of interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk assessment: Findings from the MESA study. — Atherosclerosis 2024 · PMID 38306764
- Diagnostic and prognostic role of serum interleukin-6 and carotid ultrasonography to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA and ANCA-associated vasculitis. — Rheumatology international 2024 · PMID 38554194
- Genetics and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Cardiovascular Risk. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2024 · PMID 38879448
- Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Light-Intensity Physical Activity on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Secondary Outcome Analyses of the SED-ACT Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. — Biomolecules 2024 · PMID 39199416
- Hypercholesterolemia and inflammation-Cooperative cardiovascular risk factors. — European journal of clinical investigation 2024 · PMID 39370572
- Ziltivekimab for anemia and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease: a new hope? — Journal of nephrology 2024 · PMID 39453604
- IL-6 and Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review. — Current atherosclerosis reports 2024 · PMID 39589436
- Cardiovascular risk markers in premature canities. — Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 2023 · PMID 35841351
- Cadmium contributes to atherosclerosis by affecting macrophage polarization. — Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2023 · PMID 36639048
- Atorvastatin ameliorated PM-induced atherosclerosis in rats. — Archives of environmental & occupational health 2023 · PMID 36660941
- Contribution of Interleukin-6 system genes polymorphisms to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. — Gene 2023 · PMID 36754176
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Platelet Aggregation. — Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2023 · PMID 36984554
- Selected inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers pre-viral suppression in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection without overt cardiovascular disease: Is there a need to redefine reference indices? — Cytokine 2023 · PMID 36996538
- Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with targeted synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A multi-centre cohort study. — Journal of internal medicine 2023 · PMID 37282790
- Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 with cardiovascular disease in older adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2023 · PMID 37306504
- Interleukin-6 Signaling in Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Mechanisms To Clinical Outcomes. — Current topics in medicinal chemistry 2023 · PMID 37464827
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. — Cardiovascular toxicology 2023 · PMID 37982976
- Proteogenomic Data Integration Reveals CXCL10 as a Potentially Downstream Causal Mediator for IL-6 Signaling on Atherosclerosis. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 38152968
- Targeted proteomics improves cardiovascular risk prediction in secondary prevention. — European heart journal 2022 · PMID 35139537
- Irrational beliefs, depression and anxiety, in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study. — Anxiety, stress, and coping 2022 · PMID 35388720
- Lipocalin-2, S100A8/A9, and cystatin C: Potential predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. — Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 2022 · PMID 35466734
- Sedentary behaviour is associated with heightened cardiovascular, inflammatory and cortisol reactivity to acute psychological stress. — Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022 · PMID 35483244
- Adipokines, adiposity, and atherosclerosis. — Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2022 · PMID 35503385
- Mettl14 mediates the inflammatory response of macrophages in atherosclerosis through the NF-κB/IL-6 signaling pathway. — Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2022 · PMID 35598196
- Interleukin 6-regulated macrophage polarization controls atherosclerosis-associated vascular intimal hyperplasia. — Frontiers in immunology 2022 · PMID 35967343
- Gut Microbiota and Coronary Plaque Characteristics. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2022 · PMID 36000423
- Amygdalin attenuates PM2.5-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury via the TLR4/NF-κB and Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. — Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 2022 · PMID 36178164
- Biomarkers associated with coronary high-risk plaques. — Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2022 · PMID 36205839
- The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease. — International journal of molecular sciences 2022 · PMID 36361701
- Common and rare variant associations with clonal haematopoiesis phenotypes. — Nature 2022 · PMID 36450978
- HOMOCYSTEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - A CURRENT REVIEW. — Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2022 · PMID 36591781
- Cardiovascular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis. — Cardiology in review 2022 · PMID 36729119
- Myeloid Ezh2 Deficiency Limits Atherosclerosis Development. — Frontiers in immunology 2021 · PMID 33574814
- Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Psoriasis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 33795041
- Interleukin-6 Signaling and Anti-Interleukin-6 Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease. — Circulation research 2021 · PMID 33998272
- Fibrinogen and a Triad of Thrombosis, Inflammation, and the Renin-Angiotensin System in Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Women: A New Insight into Sex-Related Differences in the Pathogenesis of the Disease. — Biomolecules 2021 · PMID 34356659
- Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors — Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2021 · PMID 34614543
- Cadmium exposure and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels in non-smoking older adults. — Environmental research 2021 · PMID 34695433
- Lipoprotein(a)-The Crossroads of Atherosclerosis, Atherothrombosis and Inflammation. — Biomolecules 2021 · PMID 35053174
- Interleukin-6 gene polymorhisms and interleukin-6 levels are associated with atherosclerosis in CKD patients. — Clinical nephrology 2020 · PMID 31426909
- Association between Periodontitis, Genetic Polymorphisms and Presence of Coronary Artery Disease in Southern Brazil. — Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2020 · PMID 32215496
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction-An overview of predictive laboratory biomarkers. — European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2020 · PMID 32633387
- Ageing and atherosclerosis: vascular intrinsic and extrinsic factors and potential role of IL-6. — Nature reviews. Cardiology 2020 · PMID 32918047
- Inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder. — Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2019 · PMID 30653780
- PMexposure induces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in an intracranial atherosclerosis rat model. — Environmental toxicology 2019 · PMID 30672636
- Novel Antiatherosclerotic Therapies. — Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2019 · PMID 30816799
- Shared mechanisms between coronary heart disease and depression: findings from a large UK general population-based cohort. — Molecular psychiatry 2019 · PMID 30886334
- Comorbid and inflammatory characteristics of genetic subtypes of clonal hematopoiesis — Blood Advances 2019 · PMID 31434682
- GDF-15 in solid vs non-solid treatment-naïve malignancies. — European journal of clinical investigation 2019 · PMID 31463975
- Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by IL-8 aggravate atherosclerosis via activation NF-κB signaling in macrophages. — Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2019 · PMID 31496351
- Genetic Interleukin 6 Signaling Deficiency Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk in Clonal Hematopoiesis — Circulation 2019 · PMID 31707836
- Age-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction Accelerates Atherogenesis. — Circulation research 2019 · PMID 31818196
- Relationship among adiponectin, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in non-diabetic hypertensive patients and healthy adults. — Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 2018 · PMID 29336612
- Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection — Frontiers in Immunology 2018 · PMID 29706967
- CRISPR-Mediated Gene Editing to Assess the Roles of Tet2 and Dnmt3a in Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Disease — Circulation Research 2018 · PMID 29728415
- Critical roles of inflammation in atherosclerosis. — Journal of cardiology 2018 · PMID 29907363
- Systemic Inflammatory Response and Atherosclerosis: The Paradigm of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. — International journal of molecular sciences 2018 · PMID 29954107
- Homocysteine and homocysteine-related compounds: an overview of the roles in the pathology of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. — Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2018 · PMID 30130426
- Novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: Applications in clinical practice — Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2018 · PMID 30457415
- Socioeconomic status and central adiposity as determinants of stress-related biological responses relevant to cardiovascular disease risk. — Brain, behavior, and immunity 2018 · PMID 30468859
- Co-exposure subacute toxicity of silica nanoparticles and lead acetate on cardiovascular system. — International journal of nanomedicine 2018 · PMID 30538461
- Potential injurious effects of the fine particulate PM2.5 on the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by activating platelets and leukocytes. — Archives of medical science : AMS 2018 · PMID 30697277
- Role of parnaparin in atherosclerosis. — International journal of experimental pathology 2017 · PMID 28205266
- Interleukin-6 "Trans-Signaling" and Ischemic Vascular Disease: The Important Role of Soluble gp130. — Mediators of inflammation 2017 · PMID 28250574
- Chronic periodontitis, inflammatory cytokines, and interrelationship with other chronic diseases — Postgraduate Medicine 2017 · PMID 29065749
- The Association of Circulating MiR-29b and Interleukin-6 with Subclinical Atherosclerosis. — Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 2017 · PMID 29197872
- PM2.5 inhalation induces intracranial atherosclerosis which may be ameliorated by omega 3 fatty acids. — Oncotarget 2017 · PMID 29423081
- Atherosclerotic Vessel Changes in Sarcoidosis. — Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2016 · PMID 26820732
- From C-Reactive Protein to Interleukin-6 to Interleukin-1: Moving Upstream To Identify Novel Targets for Atheroprotection. — Circulation research 2016 · PMID 26837745
- Circadian misalignment increases cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans. — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2016 · PMID 26858430
- Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications — Archives of Medical Science 2016 · PMID 28721154
- Insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and elevated inflammation in coronary heart disease patients with comorbid depression — Brain Behavior and Immunity 2015 · PMID 25683698
- Diabetic foot syndrome as a possible cardiovascular marker in diabetic patients. — Journal of diabetes research 2015 · PMID 25883983
- Is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Associated with Premature Senescence? A Review of the Literature. — The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2015 · PMID 25959921
- Circulating microRNAs in Sera Correlate with Soluble Biomarkers of Immune Activation but Do Not Predict Mortality in ART Treated Individuals with HIV-1 Infection: A Case Control Study — PLoS ONE 2015 · PMID 26465293
- Inflammation and atherosclerosis: a review of the role of interleukin-6 in the development of atherosclerosis and the potential for targeted drug therapy. — Cardiology in review 2014 · PMID 24618929
- A Comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome — Cardiology Research and Practice 2014 · PMID 24711954
- Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease. — European heart journal 2014 · PMID 24864079
- Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data — BMJ 2014 · PMID 25011450
- IL-6 in Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease — Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2014 · PMID 25190079
- Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation Connects Aging, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease — Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics 2014 · PMID 25341516
- Phloretin suppresses thrombin-mediated leukocyte-platelet-endothelial interactions. — Molecular nutrition & food research 2013 · PMID 24338998
- The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis — The Lancet 2012 · PMID 22421340
- Inflammation and coronary artery disease: insights from genetic studies. — The Canadian journal of cardiology 2012 · PMID 22902153
Clinical trials (2)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03377465 | Biomarkers, Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Predictors of Ischemic Strokes and Their Influence on the Course and Prognosis | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) , NTproBNP (N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide), IL-6 (Interleukin 6), Adiponectina, Leptine, Syndecan, Resistin |
| NCT05612269 | SGLT2 Inhibitors and Reducing the Risk of Cancers Among Diabetics , an Observational Study | UNKNOWN | OBSERVATIONAL | interleukin 6 |
Genetic associations (170)
showing top 80 by significance| Variant | Gene(s) | Trait | p | OR/β | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL6R | 1e-5877 | 0.9662 unit increase | GCST90012025 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-4164 | 1.135 unit decrease | GCST90248076 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-1101 | 1.11 unit increase | GCST90241647 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-450 | 0.9926965 unit decrease | GCST006585 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-436 | 0.0914524 unit increase | GCST009777 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-354 | 0.8864 unit increase | GCST90179338 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-352 | 0.274906 decrease | GCST90314285 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-346 | 0.8864 unit increase | GCST90425952 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-324 | 0.09 unit decrease | GCST90029070 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-315 | 0.0827 unit decrease | GCST90018950 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-314 | 0.8592 unit increase | GCST90427260 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-311 | 0.21150441 unit increase | GCST90469604 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-303 | 1.14168 unit increase | GCST90161983 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-297 | 0.81 unit increase | GCST009731 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-289 | 0.9145 unit increase | GCST90422753 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-265 | 1.208 unit increase | GCST90101211 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-196 | 0.41426122 unit increase | GCST90469602 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-194 | 0.9824 unit increase | GCST010104 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-190 | 0.060925 unit increase | GCST90179146 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-190 | 0.87 unit increase | GCST90137590 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-129 | 0.088 unit increase | GCST007614 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-126 | 0.094 unit decrease | GCST007615 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-122 | 0.090997 unit increase | GCST012198 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-106 | 1.127 unit increase | GCST90277669 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-97 | 0.0619 unit decrease | GCST90019499 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-93 | — | GCST010900 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-79 | 1.45 unit increase | GCST90238816 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-77 | 1.44 unit increase | GCST90237561 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-75 | 1.45 unit increase | GCST90234458 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-73 | 0.084 unit decrease | GCST90503209 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-73 | 0.590051 unit increase | GCST90274898 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-64 | 0.05412 unit decrease | GCST90475511 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-63 | — | GCST002665 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-62 | 0.156 unit decrease | GCST90012005 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-62 | 0.030645195 unit decrease | GCST90468060 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-61 | 0.00378274 unit increase | GCST90013406 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-58 | 0.84 unit increase | GCST009561 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-57 | — | GCST000189 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-53 | — | GCST009159 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-49 | 0.108 unit increase | GCST90448664 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-48 | 0.079 unit increase | GCST000965 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-47 | 0.116 unit decrease | GCST90275066 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-45 | 0.0289 unit decrease | GCST90018942 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-45 | 0.168 unit decrease | GCST90274815 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-45 | 1.04 | GCST90244787 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-43 | 0.04195 unit decrease | GCST90475508 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-43 | 1.123891 unit increase | GCST90441060 | ||
| rs61812598 | IL6R | coronary artery disorder | 1e-42 | — | GCST90129546 |
| IL6R | 1e-42 | — | GCST90129546 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-42 | 1.10217 unit increase | GCST90441163 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-41 | 1.107304 unit increase | GCST90441398 | ||
| rs12730935 | IL6R | Ischemic stroke | 1e-39 | — | GCST90129553 |
| IL6R | 1e-39 | — | GCST90129553 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-39 | — | GCST90129557 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-38 | — | GCST90129560 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-38 | 0.0574 unit decrease | GCST011350 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-37 | — | GCST90129539 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-37 | — | GCST90129558 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-37 | — | GCST90129559 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-36 | 0.0115 unit decrease | GCST003194 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-36 | 0.279 ng/mL increase | GCST90085746 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-35 | 0.017566 unit increase | GCST90179148 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-34 | 0.1091864 unit decrease | GCST008055 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-31 | 11.7 z-score increase | GCST90011900 | ||
| rs12126142 | IL6R | abdominal aortic aneurysm | 1e-30 | 0.0939 unit decrease | GCST90432152 |
| IL6R | 1e-30 | 0.03535 unit decrease | GCST90475514 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-30 | 0.0939 unit decrease | GCST90432152 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-29 | — | GCST004000 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-29 | 0.0115 unit increase | GCST004122 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-28 | 0.0114 unit increase | GCST004121 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-27 | 0.021447 SD unit increase | GCST90002322 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-27 | 0.011 unit decrease | GCST002147 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-27 | 0.020283125 unit increase | GCST90468091 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-26 | 0.03516 unit decrease | GCST90475505 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-26 | 0.1197 unit decrease | GCST012480 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-24 | 0.02 mmol/L increase | GCST90501111 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-23 | — | GCST90002344 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-23 | 0.03261 unit decrease | GCST90479672 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-23 | 0.018266788 unit increase | GCST90468090 | ||
| IL6R | 1e-22 | 0.231 unit decrease | GCST010504 |