A
PCSK9
Lipids & LipoproteinsLab test / biomarkerriskpartially modifiable
38
evidence score
Also known as: proprotein convertase subtilisin
PREVENT status
Not a PREVENT input variable.
Causal support
trial evidence
Score components
lit volume: 18.4meta-analyses: 11.6trials: 8.4genetic: 0MR bonus:
References (68)
3 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METAImmunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2025 · PMID 40114074
- METAEfficacy and safety of PCSK-9 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2025 · PMID 40849610
- METAEfficacy and safety of inclisiran versus PCSK9 inhibitor versus statin plus ezetimibe therapy in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2024 · PMID 39521985
- Protein Drug Targets for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Proteomic Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2025 · PMID 40008516
- Upfront lipid-lowering combination therapy in high cardiovascular risk patients: a route to effective atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention. — Cardiovascular research 2025 · PMID 40098223
- Lipoprotein(a) and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular events: the US Family Heart Database. — European heart journal 2025 · PMID 40331569
- Why, how and in whom should we measure levels of lipoprotein(a): A review of the latest evidence and clinical implications. — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025 · PMID 40437821
- Circulating Protein Mediators Linking Genetically Predicted Smoking to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Genomic-Proteomic Analysis. — Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2025 · PMID 40671653
- The evolving landscape of targets for lipid lowering: from molecular mechanisms to translational implications. — European heart journal 2025 · PMID 40911366
- Plasma Protein Profile Associated With a Family History of Early-Onset Coronary Heart Disease. — Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2025 · PMID 41200820
- LDL-c Lowering, Ischemic Stroke, and Small Vessel Disease Brain Imaging Biomarkers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. — Stroke 2024 · PMID 38572634
- Quinic acid regulated TMA/TMAO-related lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function through gut microbiota to inhibit atherosclerotic. — Journal of translational medicine 2024 · PMID 38622667
- ​Comprehensive mendelian randomization analysis of plasma proteomics to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. — Journal of translational medicine 2024 · PMID 38689297
- All we need to know about lipoprotein(a). — Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2024 · PMID 38759878
- Advancements in risk stratification and management strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention. — Atherosclerosis 2024 · PMID 38824844
- Consensus document on diagnosis and management of familial hypercholesterolemia from the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis (SISA). — Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2024 · PMID 38871496
- Metabolic Changes Induced by Bariatric Surgery May be Mediated by PAI-1 and PCSK9 Crosstalk. — Archives of medical research 2024 · PMID 38971127
- Alirocumab and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The ARCHITECT Study. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37009731
- 2023 Update on European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Statement on Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: new treatments and clinical guidance. — European heart journal 2023 · PMID 37130090
- [Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular risk]. — Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2023 · PMID 37541292
- Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathophysiology and Treatment Perspectives. — International journal of environmental research and public health 2023 · PMID 37754581
- Genetic backgrounds and diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. — Clinical genetics 2023 · PMID 37849044
- Familial hypercholesterolemia and its manifestations: Practical considerations for general practitioners. — Kardiologia polska 2023 · PMID 37937357
- Proteomic insights into the associations between obesity, lifestyle factors, and coronary artery disease. — BMC medicine 2023 · PMID 38049831
- Lipoprotein a - Lp(a). — Indian heart journal 2023 · PMID 38160790
- Rationale and design of the effect of evolocumab in patients at high cardiovascular risk without prior myocardial infarction or stroke (VESALIUS-CV) trial. — American heart journal 2023 · PMID 38160917
- Lipoprotein(a). — Handbook of experimental pharmacology 2022 · PMID 34196811
- Lipoprotein(a): a risk factor for atherosclerosis and an emerging therapeutic target. — Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2022 · PMID 35288443
- Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention — Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022 · PMID 35459215
- Lipoprotein(a) and its Significance in Cardiovascular Disease — JAMA Cardiology 2022 · PMID 35583875
- Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab. — Circulation 2022 · PMID 35770629
- Management of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in prediabetes. — Diabetes research and clinical practice 2022 · PMID 35787415
- Joint Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 and CETP and the Association With Coronary Artery Disease: A Factorial Mendelian Randomization Study. — JAMA cardiology 2022 · PMID 35921096
- Genetic and molecular architecture of familial hypercholesterolemia. — Journal of internal medicine 2022 · PMID 36196022
- Efficacy and Safety of an Investigational Single-Course CRISPR Base-Editing Therapy Targetingin Nonhuman Primate and Mouse Models. — Circulation 2022 · PMID 36314243
- Small Interfering RNA to Reduce Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2022 · PMID 36342163
- FH through the retrospectoscope. — Journal of lipid research 2021 · PMID 32651185
- Residual Cardiovascular Risk at Low LDL: Remnants, Lipoprotein(a), and Inflammation. — Clinical chemistry 2021 · PMID 33257928
- Novel therapies for familial hypercholesterolemia. — Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 2021 · PMID 33278127
- Very High Coronary Artery Calcium (≥1000) and Association With Cardiovascular Disease Events, Non–Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes, and Mortality — Circulation 2021 · PMID 33650435
- Pooled Patient-Level Analysis of Inclisiran Trials in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerosis. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 33663735
- New and Emerging Therapies for Reduction of LDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B: JACC Focus Seminar 1/4. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 33766264
- Update on apolipoprotein B. — Current opinion in lipidology 2021 · PMID 33870931
- APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia. — Atherosclerosis 2021 · PMID 34058468
- Circulating Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease — Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021 · PMID 34660715
- Effect of Alirocumab on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2020 · PMID 31948641
- Association of Monogenic vs Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia With Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease — JAMA Cardiology 2020 · PMID 32049305
- Stroke Prevention With the PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9) Inhibitor Evolocumab Added to Statin in High-Risk Patients With Stable Atherosclerosis. — Stroke 2020 · PMID 32312223
- Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Diseases ― Revisited ― — Circulation Journal 2020 · PMID 32336721
- Chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor. — Journal of hypertension 2020 · PMID 32649622
- Lipoprotein(a), PCSK9 Inhibition, and Cardiovascular Risk. — Circulation 2019 · PMID 30586750
- Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk stratification in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients undergoing statin treatment. — Current opinion in lipidology 2019 · PMID 30649025
- Cholesterol-Lowering Agents. — Circulation research 2019 · PMID 30702994
- Lipoprotein(a) as an Old and New Causal Risk Factor of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease — Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 2019 · PMID 31061262
- Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Lipoprotein(a). — Current atherosclerosis reports 2019 · PMID 31111240
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Lipoprotein Apheresis. — Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 2019 · PMID 31231083
- Screening and management of familial hypercholesterolemia. — Current opinion in cardiology 2019 · PMID 31393421
- Patients With High Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease May Receive Greater Clinical Benefit From Alirocumab Treatment in the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial — Circulation 2019 · PMID 31707832
- Beyond Statins: Who and When to Prescribe? — Current diabetes reports 2018 · PMID 30324282
- Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome — New England Journal of Medicine 2018 · PMID 30403574
- A Test in Context: Lipoprotein(a): Diagnosis, Prognosis, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017 · PMID 28183512
- Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2017 · PMID 28304224
- Lipoprotein(a): the revenant. — European heart journal 2017 · PMID 28329241
- Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Pharmacology Now and in the Future — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2016 · PMID 26908111
- Defining severe familial hypercholesterolaemia and the implications for clinical management: a consensus statement from the International Atherosclerosis Society Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia Panel. — The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2016 · PMID 27246162
- Inflammation and beyond: new directions and emerging drugs for treating atherosclerosis. — Expert opinion on emerging drugs 2016 · PMID 27927063
- Genetics of coronary artery disease. — Circulation research 2014 · PMID 24902973
- Sequence Variations in <i>PCSK9,</i> Low LDL, and Protection against Coronary Heart Disease — New England Journal of Medicine 2006 · PMID 16554528
Clinical trials (6)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05976893 | Study on the Composite Endpoint Event of PCSK9 Inhibitor in Patients With Very High Risk of ASCVD and Cancer | UNKNOWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Evolocumab, Statin |
| NCT05298475 | Short-term Effect of Modified 、Low-dose Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor Combined With Stains on Serum Lipids in Chinese Population With Acute Coronary Syndrome : the Singe-center 、Real-world Study | UNKNOWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Statin, PCSK9 inhibitor, PCSK9 inhibitor |
| NCT04608474 | Lipid Management in Renal Transplant Recipients: a Pilot Study Evaluating the Use of a Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK-9) Inhibitor Evolocumab. | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Evolocumab |
| NCT03529253 | Effect of Alirocumab(Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type9 Inhibitor) and Rosuvastatin or Rosuvastatin Alone on Lipid Core Plaques in Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by Near-infrared Spectroscopy Intravascular Ultrasound | UNKNOWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Alirocumab 75 MG/ML [Praluent]+ Rosuvastatin 10mg/daily, Rosuvastatin calcium10mg |
| NCT03193047 | A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002) 180mg QD When Added to Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9)-Inhibitor Therapy | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | bempedoic acid 180mg, placebo, evolocumab |
| NCT02508896 | A Single-blind Phase 1 Study Assessing the Safety, Immunogenicity and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLc)-Lowering Activity of 2 Different Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Targeting AFFITOPE® Vaccines in Healthy Subjects | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | AFFITOPE® AT04A+adjuvant, AFFITOPE® AT06A+adjuvant, Adjuvant without active component |
Genetic associations (0)
None linked.