A
Race/ethnicity
51
evidence score
Also known as: black race, ethnicity, race, racial disparities, south asian
PREVENT status
Not a PREVENT input variable.
Also used by the Pooled Cohort Equations.
Causal support
trial evidence
Score components
lit volume: 22.2meta-analyses: 20trials: 9genetic: 0MR bonus:
References (164)
9 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METARisk factors, lab parameters, angiographic characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery disease in young South Asian patients: a systematic review. — The Journal of international medical research 2023 · PMID 37555333
- METARace and Ethnicity Disparities in Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality: the Role of Socioeconomic Status-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. — Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2023 · PMID 38038904
- METACardiovascular outcomes of antidiabetes medications by race/ethnicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Journal of diabetes and its complications 2021 · PMID 34266712
- METAEffects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes by race, ethnicity, and region: A meta-analysis. — Medicine 2020 · PMID 33285754
- METAThe roles of PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in atherosclerotic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis involving 149,908 subjects. — Gene 2018 · PMID 29908999
- METARisk factors for intracranial atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Atherosclerosis 2018 · PMID 30658194
- METAOccupational noise exposure and hearing: a systematic review. — International archives of occupational and environmental health 2015 · PMID 26249711
- METAInfluence of interleukin-6 gene -174G>C polymorphism on development of atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis of 50 studies involving 33,514 subjects. — Gene 2013 · PMID 23954871
- METAMeta-analysis: apolipoprotein E genotypes and risk for coronary heart disease. — Annals of internal medicine 2004 · PMID 15262670
- Evaluating Performance and Agreement of Coronary Heart Disease Polygenic Risk Scores. — JAMA 2025 · PMID 39549270
- Characterisation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and machine learning risk prediction in middle-aged and elderly populations: data from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). — BMC public health 2025 · PMID 39920658
- Sex, Race, and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Service Members and Veterans. — Ethnicity & disease 2025 · PMID 40124643
- Factors associated with NT-proBNP concentration in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. — American heart journal 2025 · PMID 40268182
- Lipoprotein(a) and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular events: the US Family Heart Database. — European heart journal 2025 · PMID 40331569
- Epidemiological and Translational Study of Calprotectin and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. — JAMA cardiology 2025 · PMID 40332890
- The portfolio dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality during 1988-2019 in US adults: a prospective cohort study. — BMC medicine 2025 · PMID 40394599
- Antihypertensive treatment adherence during pregnancy by race and ethnicity. — American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2025 · PMID 40412465
- Why, how and in whom should we measure levels of lipoprotein(a): A review of the latest evidence and clinical implications. — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025 · PMID 40437821
- Body roundness index (BRI) and obesity-related anthropometrics: Relationship to visceral adiposity, insulin sensitivity index and cardiometabolic risk. — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025 · PMID 40654034
- Trajectories of Sleep Over Midlife and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. — Circulation 2024 · PMID 38284249
- Sleep Characteristics and Risk of Stroke and Dementia: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study. — Neurology 2024 · PMID 38350061
- Disparities by Social Determinants of Health: Links Between Long COVID and Cardiovascular Disease. — The Canadian journal of cardiology 2024 · PMID 38428523
- Galectin-3, Metabolic Risk, and Incident Heart Failure: The ARIC Study. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2024 · PMID 38471823
- Integrative polygenic risk score improves the prediction accuracy of complex traits and diseases. — Cell genomics 2024 · PMID 38508198
- Visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio: a critical determinant of sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks among Asian Indians and African Creoles in Mauritius. — International journal of obesity (2005) 2024 · PMID 38615158
- The association of pre-cancer diagnosis cardiovascular risk factors with memory aging after a cancer diagnosis, overall and by race/ethnicity. — Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice 2024 · PMID 38647590
- The utility of coronary artery calcium scoring to enhance cardiovascular risk assessment for South Asian adults. — Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2024 · PMID 38723928
- Forecasting the 20-Year Incidence of Dementia by Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Region Based on Mid-Life Risk Factors in a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample. — Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2024 · PMID 38788068
- Cardiac Dysfunction Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Role of Cardiotoxic Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. — Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2024 · PMID 38833638
- Polygenic risk score adds to a clinical risk score in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in a clinical setting. — European heart journal 2024 · PMID 38848106
- Cardiovascular disease risk: it is complicated, but race and ethnicity are key, a Bayesian network analysis. — Frontiers in public health 2024 · PMID 38915752
- Description and Cross-Sectional Analyses of 25,880 Adults and Children in the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases Cohort. — Kidney international reports 2024 · PMID 39081723
- Relationship between race, income-level, and Cardiovascular Disease. — Journal of the National Medical Association 2024 · PMID 39198121
- Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction. — Critical care clinics 2024 · PMID 39218481
- Adding ethnicity to cardiovascular risk prediction: External validation and model updating of SCORE2 using data from the HELIUS population cohort. — International journal of cardiology 2024 · PMID 39244095
- Sleep Deficiency: Epidemiology and Effects. — Sleep medicine clinics 2024 · PMID 39455173
- Wound Care at the Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Malnutrition. — Advances in skin & wound care 2024 · PMID 39481061
- Are the Cardiovascular Benefits and Potential Risks of Physical Activity and Exercise Dependent on Race, Ethnicity, or Sex? — The Canadian journal of cardiology 2024 · PMID 39547410
- A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk. — Annals of internal medicine 2024 · PMID 39622056
- Differential Associations of Cystatin C Versus Creatinine-Based Kidney Function With Risks of Cardiovascular Event and Mortality Among South Asian Individuals in the UK Biobank. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2023 · PMID 36695320
- Association between Shift Work Schedules and Cardiovascular Events in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort. — International journal of environmental research and public health 2023 · PMID 36767411
- Markers of arterial stiffness and urinary metabolomics in young adults with early cardiovascular risk: the African-PREDICT study. — Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society 2023 · PMID 36988718
- Discrimination Experiences and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. — Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2023 · PMID 37017086
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women: The Impact of Race and Ethnicity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37035919
- Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): alcohol consumption and associated factors. — Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology 2023 · PMID 37162067
- Review of Cardiovascular Risk of Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Influence of Race in Men with Prostate Cancer. — Cancers 2023 · PMID 37190244
- At-Risk Drinking in US Adults with Health Conditions: Differences by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019. — Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2023 · PMID 37219733
- NT-proBNP and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2023 · PMID 37232235
- Obesity and Peripheral Artery Disease: Current Evidence and Controversies. — Current obesity reports 2023 · PMID 37243875
- The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Umbrella Review. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2023 · PMID 37345825
- Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. — JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2023 · PMID 37347472
- Study on Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Risk Factor Analysis. — Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2023 · PMID 37391974
- A multi-ancestry polygenic risk score improves risk prediction for coronary artery disease — Nature Medicine 2023 · PMID 37414900
- Peripheral artery disease: Update on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. — Medicina clinica 2023 · PMID 37517924
- Current insights and emerging trends in early-onset type 2 diabetes. — The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2023 · PMID 37708901
- Childhood Non-HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol and Adult Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 38014550
- Evaluation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women in the US. — JAMA network open 2022 · PMID 35107574
- Life-Course Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Events in Black and White Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. — American journal of epidemiology 2022 · PMID 35419583
- Association Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Mortality in Adults With Diabetes: A Stratified Analysis by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity. — International journal of public health 2022 · PMID 35465388
- Sleep, Health, and Society. — Sleep medicine clinics 2022 · PMID 35659068
- Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia. — Neurology 2022 · PMID 35676089
- Health Disparities Across the Continuum of ASCVD Risk. — Current cardiology reports 2022 · PMID 35788894
- Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk and Cardiovascular Care in Women. — Current cardiology reports 2022 · PMID 35802234
- Food Insecurity Among Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Across Race and Ethnicity in 1999-2018. — JAMA cardiology 2022 · PMID 36170056
- Association of Cystatin C Kidney Function Measures With Long-term Deficit-Accumulation Frailty Trajectories and Physical Function Decline. — JAMA network open 2022 · PMID 36178684
- Association of a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Blood Pressure Polygenic Risk Score With Adverse Cardiovascular Events. — Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2022 · PMID 36334310
- Depression and Anxiety Are Associated With Cardiovascular Health in Young Adults. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2022 · PMID 36533593
- Risk factor control after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. — Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2021 · PMID 33528038
- Race/Ethnic Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Patients With Hypertension: Analysis From 143 Primary Care Clinics — American Journal of Hypertension 2021 · PMID 33876823
- The impact of race and ethnicity on lipoprotein(a) levels and cardiovascular risk. — Current opinion in lipidology 2021 · PMID 33900275
- Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. — Lancet (London, England) 2021 · PMID 33915094
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation 2021 · PMID 34148375
- Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Race-Ethnicity: 2003-2006 NHANES. — Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2021 · PMID 34292527
- Coronary Calcium Scanning and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Among Firefighters. — American journal of preventive medicine 2021 · PMID 34456104
- Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in US Adults by Race and Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status, 1999-2018. — JAMA 2021 · PMID 34609450
- Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status — JAMA Network Open 2021 · PMID 34762110
- Valvular Heart Disease in Relation to Race and Ethnicity: JACC Focus Seminar 4/9. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 34886971
- Race and Ethnicity in Heart Failure: JACC Focus Seminar 8/9. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 34887145
- Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Different Ethnicity: A Cross-sectional Study. — Ethiopian journal of health sciences 2021 · PMID 35221618
- Polygenic Risk Scores for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Asia-Pacific Region. — JACC. Asia 2021 · PMID 36341217
- Differences by Race/Ethnicity in the Prevalence of Clinically Detected and Monitor-Detected Atrial Fibrillation: MESA. — Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2020 · PMID 31934795
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter? — Journal of the American Heart Association 2020 · PMID 32063114
- The Impact of Ethnicity on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Heart Age After Bariatric Surgery. — Obesity surgery 2020 · PMID 32067167
- Nutrition Disparities and Cardiovascular Health. — Current atherosclerosis reports 2020 · PMID 32440941
- Age at menopause onset and risk of cardiovascular disease around the world. — Maturitas 2020 · PMID 33036700
- Lp(a) (Lipoprotein[a]) Concentrations and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights From a Large National Biobank. — Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2020 · PMID 33115266
- Population Bias in Polygenic Risk Prediction Models for Coronary Artery Disease — Circulation Genomic and Precision Medicine 2020 · PMID 33170024
- Taking the next steps to implement polygenic risk scoring for improved risk stratification and primary prevention of coronary artery disease — European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2020 · PMID 33624063
- Heart Age, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Disparities by Sex and Race/Ethnicity Among New York City Adults. — Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 2019 · PMID 31095441
- Ethnic Disparities in Adiposity: Focus on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Visceral, and Generalized Obesity. — Current obesity reports 2019 · PMID 31144261
- Diet quality and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among South Asians in Alberta. — Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2019 · PMID 31172794
- Ethnic disparities in prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural Southwest China. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2019 · PMID 31426745
- Risk and management of pre-diabetes. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2019 · PMID 31766914
- Race and Socioeconomic Status Independently Affect Risk of Major Amputation in Peripheral Artery Disease — Journal of the American Heart Association 2018 · PMID 29330260
- Ten-year association of coronary artery calcium with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) — European Heart Journal 2018 · PMID 29688297
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation 2018 · PMID 29794080
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Obesity Paradox. — American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2018 · PMID 30343719
- Race/Ethnicity and the Prognostic Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium for All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium — Journal of the American Heart Association 2018 · PMID 30371271
- Sleep and cardiovascular disease: Emerging opportunities for psychology. — The American psychologist 2018 · PMID 30394778
- Sex and Race Differences in the Association of Incident Ischemic Stroke With Risk Factors — JAMA Neurology 2018 · PMID 30535250
Clinical trials (7)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02660047 | Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Victoza Efficacy in the Regression of Cardiovascular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and South Asian Descent | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Liraglutide, Liraglutide - Placebo |
| NCT00664469 | INdians Followed for INtensive Lipid Lowering Treatment and Its safetY: To Assess The Safety And Effectiveness Of Ezetimibe Co-Administered With Any Statin Compared To Doubling Of Current Statin Daily Dose In South Asian Canadians | TERMINATED | INTERVENTIONAL | ezetimibe, Comparator: Simvastatin 20, 40 and 80 mg, Comparator: Atorvastatin |
| NCT00654225 | A 6-Week, Randomized,Open-Label, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia in South Asian Subjects. | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin |
| NCT02176174 | Ethnicity and Incidence of Twelve Cardiovascular Diseases: A CALIBER Study | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | |
| NCT01829659 | The ACS Ethnicity Platelet Function Study | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | Ticagrelor |
| NCT01207167 | Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America | ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING | OBSERVATIONAL | |
| NCT00853775 | Regulation of Lipoprotein(a) Metabolism in Humans With Reference to Ethnicity | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | No intervention, observational study |
Genetic associations (0)
None linked.