B
Sex hormone levels (testosterone/estrogen)
Novel & Emerging BiomarkersLab test / biomarkermixednon modifiable
35
evidence score
Also known as: Sex hormones/testosterone, estrogen, sex hormone, testosterone
PREVENT status
Not a PREVENT input variable.
Causal support
trial evidence
Score components
lit volume: 15.4meta-analyses: 9.1trials: 10.4genetic: 0MR bonus:
References (34)
2 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METAPhysical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. — Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2022 · PMID 35969888
- METAThe role of statins in erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Asian journal of andrology 2014 · PMID 24556747
- Calcium Supplementation- Efficacy and Safety. — Current osteoporosis reports 2025 · PMID 39937345
- Sex Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. — Current atherosclerosis reports 2025 · PMID 40498397
- A whole-food, plant-based randomized controlled trial in metastatic breast cancer: weight, cardiometabolic, and hormonal outcomes. — Breast cancer research and treatment 2024 · PMID 38446316
- Cardiac Dysfunction Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Role of Cardiotoxic Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. — Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2024 · PMID 38833638
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. — Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 · PMID 35903868
- The association of cortisol/testosterone ratio and sleep quality with coronary heart disease: A case-control study in Chinese rural population. — Steroids 2023 · PMID 36773705
- LDR-adapted liver-derived cytokines have potential to induce atherosclerosis. — International journal of radiation biology 2022 · PMID 36383216
- The associations of plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid with cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study — EBioMedicine 2021 · PMID 33418501
- Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) vs. Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) Phenotypes in PCOS: Association with Endocrine-Metabolic Profile, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Body Composition. — Nutrients 2021 · PMID 34836180
- Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Klinefelter syndrome. — American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 2020 · PMID 32452627
- Long-term treatment with testosterone undecanoate injections in men with hypogonadism alleviates erectile dysfunction and reduces risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, prostate cancer, and mortality — The Aging Male 2019 · PMID 30782054
- Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Gender and Aging — Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 2019 · PMID 31035613
- Current diagnosis and management of erectile dysfunction — The Medical Journal of Australia 2019 · PMID 31099420
- Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk. — Biology of sex differences 2019 · PMID 31182162
- Testosterone and the Heart. — European cardiology 2019 · PMID 31360231
- Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection — Frontiers in Immunology 2018 · PMID 29706967
- Genetic predictors of testosterone and their associations with cardiovascular disease and risk factors: A Mendelian randomization investigation — International Journal of Cardiology 2018 · PMID 29804699
- Androgens and the Regulation of Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution in Humans. — Comprehensive Physiology 2018 · PMID 30215860
- Erectile dysfunction, loss of libido and low sexual frequency increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in men with low testosterone — The Aging Male 2016 · PMID 26755067
- Testosterone and cardiovascular disease. — Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 2014 · PMID 24722171
- Prediabetes and associated disorders. — Endocrine 2014 · PMID 25294012
- Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Low Testosterone Levels: Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Comorbidities and with Erectile Dysfunction — The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013 · PMID 23898860
- Frequency of sexual activity and cardiovascular risk in subjects with erectile dysfunction: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses — Andrology 2013 · PMID 24127288
- Testosterone and cardiovascular risk in patients with erectile dysfunction. — PubMed 2012 · PMID 22082753
- Estradiol/Testosterone Imbalance: Impact on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women — Cardiology 2012 · PMID 22572464
- Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease prediction: evidence-based guidance and consensus — International Journal of Clinical Practice 2010 · PMID 20584218
- Endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction in the aging man. — International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 2009 · PMID 20002226
- The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: I. Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction — Journal of Andrology 2008 · PMID 18641413
- Homocysteine, menopause and cardiovascular disease. — Menopause international 2007 · PMID 17448264
- Estrogen Therapy and Coronary-Artery Calcification — New England Journal of Medicine 2007 · PMID 17582069
- C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents. — Cardiovascular drug reviews 2006 · PMID 16939632
- CHAPTER 1: THE MANAGEMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: AN AUA UPDATE — The Journal of Urology 2005 · PMID 15947645
Clinical trials (10)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07460960 | A Randomized Controlled Trial of Statin Therapy Effect on Androgen Status and Erectile Function in Men With High and Very High Cardiovascular Risk | RECRUITING | INTERVENTIONAL | Pitavastatin 1-4 mg daily, Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg daily |
| NCT06747624 | A Crossover Clinical Trial Investigating the Effects of Geranylgeraniol (GG) Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men and Women Over an 18-week Period | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Geranylgeraniol 300 mg, Placebo |
| NCT04524325 | Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Dysfunction in Transmen Receiving Testosterone | WITHDRAWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Trans men |
| NCT00000605 | Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis Research Trial (EAGER) | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | hormone replacement therapy, estrogens, medroxyprogesterone |
| NCT03097120 | The Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Trial | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, placebo tablets |
| NCT06866119 | Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency | NOT YET RECRUITING | OBSERVATIONAL | |
| NCT04979377 | Prevalence of Hyperandrogenism in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Study of the Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | Clinical hyperandrogenism assessment, Total testosterone (ng/dL), A1c (%) |
| NCT03724825 | Correlation of Serum Adropin to Testosterone and Adiponectin in Obese Men | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | lipid profile: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)), Total testosterone, Adropin |
| NCT02951949 | Exposure to Endogenous Estrogens and Imaging Parameters of Atherosclerosis Burden in Postmenopausal Women | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | |
| NCT00005185 | Myocardial Infarction and Non-contraceptive Estrogen Use | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL |
Genetic associations (0)
None linked.