A
Systolic blood pressure
Blood Pressure & HemodynamicsPhysical parameterriskmodifiable
55
evidence score
Also known as: adult systolic pressure, brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP), first systolic blood pressure (bp.1s), low systolic blood pressure, sbp, systolic BP, systolic blood pressure of 138.5 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure, SBP, systolic bp, systolic pressure
PREVENT status
✓ Used by PREVENT (core input).
Also used by the Pooled Cohort Equations.
Causal support
trial evidence
Score components
lit volume: 23.6meta-analyses: 20trials: 11.1genetic: 0MR bonus:
References (229)
18 meta-analyses / systematic reviews- METAIntermittent Fasting for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. — Current nutrition reports 2025 · PMID 40705196
- METAAssociation between long-term aircraft noise exposure and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis with focused subgroup analyses. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2025 · PMID 40738497
- METAExercise training modalities in prediabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — Frontiers in endocrinology 2024 · PMID 38440785
- METAEffects of phytosterols on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Phytotherapy research : PTR 2024 · PMID 39572895
- METASystematic review and meta-analysis of church-based interventions to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors. — The American journal of the medical sciences 2023 · PMID 37244637
- METARisk Factors for Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Heart, lung & circulation 2023 · PMID 37777398
- METARisk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in young and middle-aged adults: A meta-analysis. — Medicine 2022 · PMID 36482541
- METAEffectiveness of aromatherapy inhalation on anxiety and haemodynamic variables for patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — International journal of clinical practice 2021 · PMID 34309971
- METAExercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2020 · PMID 33280503
- METABaseline and on-statin treatment lipoprotein(a) levels for prediction of cardiovascular events: individual patient-data meta-analysis of statin outcome trials. — Lancet (London, England) 2018 · PMID 30293769
- METANatriuretic peptides and integrated risk assessment for cardiovascular disease: an individual-participant-data meta-analysis. — The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2016 · PMID 27599814
- METASystematic Review of Association Between Low Ankle-Brachial Index and All-Cause Cardiovascular, or Non-cardiovascular Mortality. — Cell biochemistry and biophysics 2015 · PMID 27352355
- METAEffect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. — BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2013 · PMID 23558164
- METAQuantifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis — British Journal of Dermatology 2013 · PMID 23815240
- METAOccupational exposure to noise and the cardiovascular system: a meta-analysis. — The Science of the total environment 2010 · PMID 19931119
- METADiabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. — Lancet (London, England) 2010 · PMID 20609967
- METABlood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. — Lancet (London, England) 2007 · PMID 18061058
- METADepression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. — Psychosomatic medicine 2004 · PMID 15564343
- Associations Between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to Age and Sex. — The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2025 · PMID 39667018
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis. — Clinical rheumatology 2025 · PMID 39962010
- Risk factors and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke related restless legs syndrome. — Sleep medicine 2025 · PMID 39999700
- Combined Effects of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Insights from the All of Us Research Program. — International journal of environmental research and public health 2025 · PMID 40003465
- Remnant cholesterol inflammatory index and its association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly populations: evidence from US and Chinese national population surveys. — Lipids in health and disease 2025 · PMID 40275392
- Proteome-Wide Genetic Study in East Asians and Europeans Identified Multiple Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke. — Stroke 2025 · PMID 40304040
- Differential Effects of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity on Peripheral Neuropathy. — Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS 2025 · PMID 40345154
- Global Burden and Risk Factors of Stroke in Young Adults, 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2025 · PMID 40371619
- A validated multivariable machine learning model to predict cardio-kidney risk in diabetic kidney disease. — Cardiovascular diabetology 2025 · PMID 40375260
- Cardiometabolic determinants of aortic and carotid intima-media thickness in adolescence. — Atherosclerosis 2025 · PMID 40413966
- Stroke Mortality Risk Factors: Global Trends and Regional Variations (1990-2021). — Journal of the American Heart Association 2025 · PMID 40470651
- Mid- to Late-Life Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factor Exposure and Zero Coronary Artery Calcium: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study. — JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2025 · PMID 40471761
- Microalbuminuria Is Associated With Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients. — Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2025 · PMID 40474762
- Causal association of modifiable factors with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: an exposome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation. — Cardiovascular diabetology 2025 · PMID 40481456
- Screen Time Is Associated With Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Childhood and Adolescence. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2025 · PMID 40767283
- Estimated Small, Dense LDL Cholesterol and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in the UK Biobank. — Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2025 · PMID 40808652
- Environmental noise exposure and cardiovascular diseases in a Shanghai cohort. — Environment international 2025 · PMID 40876147
- Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Interleukin-6 With Cardiovascular Risk: MESA and UK Biobank. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025 · PMID 41217319
- Energy drinks, hypertension and stroke. — BMJ case reports 2025 · PMID 41365773
- Blood DNA methylation signature of diet quality and association with cardiometabolic traits. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2024 · PMID 37793095
- Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults: the CardioRACE trial. — European heart journal 2024 · PMID 38233024
- Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. — The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024 · PMID 38358047
- Effects of shift work on sleep quality and cardiovascular function in Taiwanese police officers. — Chronobiology international 2024 · PMID 38421010
- Associations of 50 modifiable risk factors with atrial fibrillation using Mendelian randomization analysis. — European journal of clinical investigation 2024 · PMID 38438337
- Lifetime and 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with type 1 diabetes: The LIFE-T1D model. — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2024 · PMID 38456579
- Exploring Genetic Associations of 3 Types of Risk Factors With Ischemic Stroke: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study. — Stroke 2024 · PMID 38591222
- Relationship between high sensitivity troponin I and clinical outcomes in non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) acute heart failure patients - a one-year follow-up study. — Indian heart journal 2024 · PMID 38599282
- Determinants of hand pulse wave velocity and hand pulse transit time in healthy adults. — Scientific reports 2024 · PMID 38698185
- Bayesian network analysis of factors influencing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and their comorbidities. — BMC public health 2024 · PMID 38720267
- Prediction of individual lifetime cardiovascular risk and potential treatment benefit: development and recalibration of the LIFE-CVD2 model to four European risk regions. — European journal of preventive cardiology 2024 · PMID 38752762
- The causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and ischemic stroke: Insights from univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses. — CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 2024 · PMID 38757378
- Implications of pulse wave velocity and central pulse pressure in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. — Blood pressure 2024 · PMID 38819846
- Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity — New England Journal of Medicine 2024 · PMID 38912654
- Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk in patients with nephrolithiasis: a 10-year prospective study. — Journal of hypertension 2024 · PMID 38934190
- The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. — BMC endocrine disorders 2024 · PMID 39054440
- Characteristics of pulse wave velocity and its correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy individuals. — Kardiologia polska 2024 · PMID 39177313
- Relationship Between Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression, Cardiovascular Disease Events, and Mortality in Chinese Adults. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024 · PMID 39322325
- Effects of low-pressure Valsalva maneuver on changes in cerebral arterial stiffness and pulse wave velocity. — PloS one 2024 · PMID 39331633
- Screen time, sleep duration, leisure physical activity, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a cross-lagged 2-year study. — BMC cardiovascular disorders 2024 · PMID 39354336
- Interplay of Age and Risk Factor Control Upon Coronary Atheroma Progression. — Heart, lung & circulation 2024 · PMID 39358130
- Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of Shexiang Baoxin pill against atherosclerosis. — Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2024 · PMID 39423481
- Development and validation of a cardiovascular risk prediction model for Sri Lankans using machine learning. — PloS one 2024 · PMID 39436892
- Risk factors and prediction models for recurrent acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective analysis. — PeerJ 2024 · PMID 39611013
- The Genetic Association between CDKN1A and Heart Failure: Genome-Wide Exploration of mA-SNPs and Mendelian Randomization. — Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 2024 · PMID 40383946
- Relationship of Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics With Cardiovascular Risk In Hypertension. — American journal of hypertension 2023 · PMID 36645322
- Exposure to Air Pollution during Pre-Hypertension and Subsequent Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Death: A Trajectory Analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort. — Environmental health perspectives 2023 · PMID 36696106
- Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? — International journal of molecular sciences 2023 · PMID 36768264
- Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis: Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort Study. — Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 2023 · PMID 36775331
- Markers of arterial stiffness and urinary metabolomics in young adults with early cardiovascular risk: the African-PREDICT study. — Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society 2023 · PMID 36988718
- Twenty Years of Cardiovascular Complications and Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37154040
- Global Burden, Risk Factor Analysis, and Prediction Study of Ischemic Stroke, 1990–2030 — Neurology 2023 · PMID 37197995
- Could SCUBE-1 be a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis other than carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with psoriasis? — Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2023 · PMID 37198010
- Androgenetic alopecia: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and component traits among Nigerian adults. — Nigerian journal of clinical practice 2023 · PMID 37203111
- SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. — European heart journal 2023 · PMID 37247330
- Yoga practice can reduce metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in climacteric women. — Journal of behavioral medicine 2023 · PMID 37294473
- Physiology of sedentary behavior. — Physiological reviews 2023 · PMID 37326297
- Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk profiles in 8-12-year-old children following preeclampsia (FINNCARE-study). — Journal of hypertension 2023 · PMID 37337860
- Genetic Association and Potential Mediators between Sarcopenia and Coronary Heart Disease: A Bidirectional Two-Sample, Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Study. — Nutrients 2023 · PMID 37447340
- Ceramides as Risk Markers for Future Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. — Diabetes 2023 · PMID 37478203
- Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. — The New England journal of medicine 2023 · PMID 37632466
- Non-HDL cholesterol and long-term follow-up outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome. — Lipids in health and disease 2023 · PMID 37794473
- Poor sleep and shift work associate with increased blood pressure and inflammation in UK Biobank participants. — Nature communications 2023 · PMID 37925459
- Development and Validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT Equations. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 37947085
- Childhood Non-HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol and Adult Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events. — Circulation 2023 · PMID 38014550
- Bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: Prospective cohort study and genetic analyses. — Chinese medical journal 2023 · PMID 38062574
- Differential Roles of Life-Course Cumulative Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Arterial Stiffness and Thickness. — The Canadian journal of cardiology 2022 · PMID 35314334
- Impact of risk factor control on peripheral artery disease outcomes and health disparities. — Vascular medicine (London, England) 2022 · PMID 35387516
- Central and brachial pulse pressure predicts cardiovascular and renal events in treated hypertensive patients. — Blood pressure 2022 · PMID 35438015
- The physical activity health paradox and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. — PloS one 2022 · PMID 35446893
- Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019 — Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2022 · PMID 35498034
- Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality During 8.5 Years Follow-up in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Angiography. — Journal of the American Heart Association 2022 · PMID 35535599
- Eveningness is associated with sedentary behavior and increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the SCAPIS pilot cohort. — Scientific reports 2022 · PMID 35581309
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and inflammation increase cardiovascular risk in older people. — Experimental gerontology 2022 · PMID 35661774
- Shift work and cardiovascular strain on working and non-working days. — Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2022 · PMID 35976972
- Relationship Between the Progression of Coronary Artery Disease and Pulse Pressure Index: A Cross-Sectional Work. — Angiology 2022 · PMID 36052894
- Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in adults in the AWI-Gen Nairobi site study: Profiles and predictors. — Hipertension y riesgo vascular 2022 · PMID 36153304
- Level of education is associated with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. — BMJ open diabetes research & care 2022 · PMID 36171015
- Association of a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Blood Pressure Polygenic Risk Score With Adverse Cardiovascular Events. — Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2022 · PMID 36334310
- Blood Pressure Responses During Exercise: Physiological Correlates and Clinical Implications. — Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2022 · PMID 36384270
- Cardiovascular risk factor mediation of the effects of education and Genetic Risk Score on cardiovascular disease: a prospective observational cohort study of the Framingham Heart Study. — BMJ open 2021 · PMID 33436477
- Association of NT-ProBNP, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Events: The ARIC Study. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021 · PMID 33538254
- Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses — Hypertension 2021 · PMID 33813844
Clinical trials (12)
| NCT | Title | Status | Type | Interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06579950 | The Effects of Cool Roofs on Health, Environmental, and Economic Outcomes: a Global Multi-center Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial | RECRUITING | INTERVENTIONAL | Cool roof |
| NCT04911491 | Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training for Lowering Systolic Blood Pressure in Midlife and Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease | RECRUITING | INTERVENTIONAL | IMST, Sham Training |
| NCT07592117 | A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT) Evaluating the Effects of Cool Roofs on Health, Environmental and Economic Outcomes in Tavua, Fiji | NOT YET RECRUITING | INTERVENTIONAL | Cool roof |
| NCT06834893 | A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT) Evaluating the Effects of Cool Roofs on Health, Environmental and Economic Outcomes in Colima, Mexico | NOT YET RECRUITING | INTERVENTIONAL | Cool roof |
| NCT06570993 | A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT) Evaluating the Effects of Cool Roofs on Health, Environmental and Economic Outcomes in Niue | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Cool roof |
| NCT05352633 | Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment on Out-of-office Blood Pressure - an Ancillary Study to Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment in Reducing RIsk of Vascular evenTs (ESPRIT) Study | UNKNOWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Intensive BP Arm, Standard BP Arm |
| NCT03808311 | Blood Pressure Control Target in Diabetes (BPROAD): a Multicenter, Open-label, Parallel-group, Randomized Controlled Trial | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | Treatment strategy regarding different systolic BP goals |
| NCT03453268 | Impact of Reducing Antihypertensive Treatment on Mortality in Frail Subjects With Low Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Study of Subjects Aged 80 and Over, Living in Nursing Homes and Other IMS. | COMPLETED | INTERVENTIONAL | STEP DOWN strategy, Control |
| NCT01089452 | ACCESS STUDY (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Combined With Calcium Antagonist Evaluation of Safety and Lowering of Systolic Blood Pressure Study) ARB/CCB Combination Therapy: Efficacy vs an ACE-inhibitor/CCB Combination and Use as First Line Therapy. | WITHDRAWN | INTERVENTIONAL | Perindopril, Perindopril/amlodipine, Olmesartan/amlodipine |
| NCT05411887 | A Non-interventional, Multi Center, Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Effect of Improving Systolic Blood Pressure and Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Compared to Conventional Treatments and the Convenience of Taking Medication of Olostar Tab. in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. | ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING | OBSERVATIONAL | Rosuvastatin, Olmesartan Medoxomil |
| NCT03698214 | Is There a Worse Outcome When the Systolic Blood Pressure is Lower Than Heart Rate in Those Adult Trauma Patients With Isolated Head/Neck Injury | COMPLETED | OBSERVATIONAL | reversed shock index < 1, reversed shock index ≥ 1 |
| NCT01799070 | Velocity Systolic Blood Pressure Index in Accurately Predicting Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Carotid Endarterectomy | UNKNOWN | OBSERVATIONAL |
Genetic associations (0)
None linked.