997 risk factors
Risk factor table
Filter by category, factor type, evidence grade, PREVENT inclusion, and more. Sort any column. Each row links to its full evidence bundle — references, trials, and genetic associations.
997 shown
| Risk factor | Category | Type | Grade | Score ↓ | Refs | Trials | GWAS | PREVENT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides genetic-causal | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 91 | 389 ·28m | 138 | 563 | — |
| LDL cholesterol genetic-causal | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 91 | 375 ·31m | 713 | 679 | proxy |
| Systemic inflammation genetic-causal | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | A | 90 | 306 ·12m | 440 | 166 | — |
| HDL cholesterol genetic-causalprotective | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 89 | 295 ·23m | 28 | 201 | core |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic-causal | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | A | 88 | 1408 ·98m | 746 | 17 | core |
| Lipoprotein(a) genetic-causal | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 84 | 147 ·6m | 55 | 258 | — |
| Interleukin-6 genetic-causal | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | A | 77 | 146 ·10m | 2 | 170 | — |
| Apolipoprotein B genetic-causal | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 74 | 127 ·5m | 4 | 198 | — |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia genetic-causal | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | A | 72 | 62 ·2m | 70 | 418 | — |
| Hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | A | 65 | 1119 ·70m | 395 | — | proxy |
| Obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Disease / condition | A | 64 | 740 ·38m | 375 | — | proxy |
| Cigarette smoking | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 64 | 702 ·50m | 73 | — | core |
| Chronic psychological stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | A | 63 | 577 ·26m | 71 | — | — |
| Blood pressure genetic-causal | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | B | 62 | 16 ·2m | 145 | 38 | proxy |
| Physical inactivity | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 62 | 483 ·33m | 271 | — | — |
| Dyslipidemia | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Disease / condition | A | 61 | 426 ·25m | 222 | — | proxy |
| Metabolic syndrome | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | A | 61 | 358 ·18m | 85 | — | — |
| Total cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 60 | 317 ·31m | 365 | — | core |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | A | 60 | 293 ·23m | 51 | — | — |
| Chronic kidney disease | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | A | 60 | 280 ·16m | 95 | — | proxy |
| Insulin resistance | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | A | 59 | 263 ·10m | 42 | — | — |
| Depression | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | A | 59 | 251 ·31m | 43 | — | — |
| Endothelial dysfunction | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | A | 59 | 283 ·7m | 63 | — | — |
| Atrial fibrillation | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 58 | 219 ·16m | 144 | — | — |
| Alcohol consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 57 | 162 ·10m | 50 | — | — |
| Body mass index | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | A | 57 | 479 ·32m | 9 | — | core |
| Coronary artery calcium score | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | A | 56 | 135 ·11m | 53 | — | — |
| Homocysteine | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | A | 56 | 127 ·8m | 146 | — | — |
| Fasting plasma glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | A | 56 | 111 ·8m | 138 | — | — |
| Overweight/obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | A | 56 | 110 ·10m | 104 | — | — |
| Arterial stiffness | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | A | 55 | 190 ·8m | 16 | — | — |
| Carotid atherosclerotic plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | A | 55 | 98 ·13m | 183 | — | — |
| Systolic blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | A | 55 | 229 ·18m | 12 | — | core |
| 9p21 chromosomal locus | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | A | 54 | 45 ·6m | — | 293 | — |
| Carotid intima-media thickness | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | A | 54 | 182 ·29m | 13 | — | — |
| Anxiety | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | A | 54 | 104 ·14m | 23 | — | — |
| Periodontitis | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 54 | 142 ·14m | 16 | — | — |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 53 | 117 ·6m | 40 | — | — |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 53 | 112 ·7m | 20 | — | — |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 52 | 137 ·5m | 33 | — | — |
| Psoriasis | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 52 | 128 ·12m | 12 | — | — |
| Serum uric acid | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | A | 52 | 152 ·7m | 10 | — | — |
| Oxidative stress | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | A | 51 | 299 ·4m | 18 | — | — |
| Diet quality protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 51 | 92 ·7m | 16 | — | — |
| Race/ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 51 | 164 ·9m | 7 | — | — |
| APOE genotype | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | A | 51 | 46 ·4m | — | 229 | — |
| Age | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 50 | 274 ·11m | 3 | — | core |
| Pulse wave velocity | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | A | 50 | 169 ·12m | 5 | — | — |
| Prediabetes | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | A | 50 | 75 ·5m | 34 | — | proxy |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | A | 49 | 110 ·15m | 6 | — | proxy |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 49 | 75 ·5m | 26 | — | — |
| Socioeconomic status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 48 | 216 ·22m | 2 | — | — |
| Female sex | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 48 | 81 ·5m | 19 | — | core |
| Polygenic risk score | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | B | 48 | 100 | 5 | 2742 | — |
| Ankle-brachial index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | A | 47 | 70 ·7m | 8 | — | — |
| D-dimer | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | A | 47 | 60 ·8m | 7 | — | — |
| Fibrinogen | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | A | 46 | 86 ·8m | 4 | — | — |
| Retinal microvascular changes | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | A | 46 | 32 ·6m | 19 | — | — |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | A | 46 | 121 ·8m | 2 | — | core |
| Air pollution (PM2.5) exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | A | 45 | 167 ·4m | 7 | — | — |
| Albuminuria | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | A | 45 | 99 ·3m | 21 | — | optional |
| Sedentary behavior | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 45 | 50 ·9m | 5 | — | — |
| Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | A | 45 | 73 ·8m | 3 | — | — |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 45 | 66 ·7m | 4 | — | — |
| COVID-19 | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 44 | 55 ·3m | 59 | — | — |
| Hemoglobin A1c | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | A | 44 | 125 ·9m | 1 | — | optional |
| Erectile dysfunction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 44 | 107 ·5m | 5 | — | — |
| Gut microbiome composition | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 44 | 179 ·2m | 15 | — | — |
| HIV infection | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | A | 44 | 59 ·3m | 26 | — | — |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | A | 43 | 68 ·4m | 12 | — | — |
| Waist circumference | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | A | 43 | 120 ·7m | 1 | — | — |
| Poor sleep quality | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 43 | 50 ·5m | 9 | — | — |
| Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (reduced heart rate variability) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | A | 41 | 40 ·4m | 13 | — | — |
| Vitamin D deficiency | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 41 | 25 ·3m | 31 | — | — |
| Cancer | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | B | 41 | 43 ·2m | 145 | — | — |
| LPA gene variants genetic-causal | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | B | 40 | 10 | — | 258 | — |
| Sleep duration | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | A | 40 | 97 ·14m | — | — | — |
| History of preeclampsia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | B | 40 | 67 ·2m | 16 | — | — |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 39 | 95 ·2m | 10 | — | — |
| PCSK9 | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 38 | 68 ·3m | 6 | — | — |
| Omega-3/fish intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 38 | 25 ·2m | 48 | — | — |
| Non-HDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 38 | 65 ·4m | 3 | — | proxy |
| Circulating microRNAs | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | A | 38 | 55 ·3m | 6 | — | — |
| Shift work | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | A | 37 | 54 ·12m | — | — | — |
| Environmental noise exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | A | 37 | 49 ·10m | — | — | — |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | B | 37 | 17 ·3m | 18 | — | — |
| Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | A | 37 | 105 ·3m | 2 | — | — |
| Cystatin C | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | A | 37 | 54 ·7m | — | — | — |
| Social isolation | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | A | 37 | 46 ·8m | — | — | — |
| Family history of premature coronary heart disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | B | 37 | 45 | — | 2742 | — |
| Coronary artery plaque burden (CCTA) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | B | 36 | 31 ·2m | 14 | — | — |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | B | 36 | 28 ·1m | 34 | — | — |
| Cadmium exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | A | 35 | 57 ·6m | — | — | — |
| Osteoporosis/low bone mineral density | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | B | 35 | 30 ·2m | 12 | — | — |
| Leptin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | A | 35 | 32 ·4m | 3 | — | — |
| Genetic predisposition to CVD | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 35 | 3 | 7 | 2742 | — |
| Sex hormone levels (testosterone/estrogen) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 35 | 34 ·2m | 10 | — | — |
| Platelet reactivity/aggregation | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | B | 35 | 33 ·1m | 21 | — | — |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | B | 34 | 39 ·2m | 7 | — | — |
| Job strain/occupational stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | B | 34 | 29 ·7m | — | — | — |
| C-reactive protein | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | B | 34 | 17 ·1m | 30 | — | — |
| Adiponectin protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 33 | 44 ·2m | 5 | — | — |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | B | 33 | 42 ·2m | 5 | — | — |
| Triglyceride-glucose index | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | B | 33 | 31 ·2m | 7 | — | — |
| Epicardial adipose tissue | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Imaging marker | B | 33 | 47 ·2m | 4 | — | — |
| Gout | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | A | 33 | 74 ·4m | — | — | — |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | A | 33 | 47 ·5m | — | — | — |
| Oxidized LDL | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 32 | 34 ·3m | 2 | — | — |
| Social determinants of health | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 32 | 31 ·3m | 2 | — | — |
| Educational attainment protective | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | A | 31 | 57 ·4m | — | — | — |
| inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | B | 31 | 10 ·1m | 131 | — | — |
| Cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (chemo/radiotherapy) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 31 | 37 | 37 | — | — |
| Remnant cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | A | 31 | 46 ·4m | — | — | — |
| Pulse pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | B | 30 | 64 ·2m | 1 | — | — |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | B | 30 | 60 ·2m | 1 | — | — |
| Gestational diabetes | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | B | 30 | 20 ·1m | 10 | — | — |
| Saturated fat intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 29 | 14 ·1m | 13 | — | — |
| Trimethylamine N-oxide | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 28 | 83 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| Weight gain | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | B | 28 | 23 ·1m | 6 | — | — |
| Cortisol | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 27 | 16 ·2m | 3 | — | — |
| Migraine | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | B | 27 | 18 ·1m | 6 | — | — |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | B | 27 | 63 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| Smoking cessation protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 27 | 3 ·1m | 68 | — | — |
| Abdominal obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 27 | 61 | 7 | — | proxy |
| inflammatory markers | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 26 | 5 ·1m | 17 | — | — |
| Male sex | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | B | 26 | 49 ·2m | — | — | core |
| Anemia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 26 | 25 | 15 | — | — |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 26 | 9 ·2m | 4 | — | — |
| Galectin-3 | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 26 | 45 ·2m | — | — | — |
| Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | B | 26 | 44 ·2m | — | — | — |
| heart rate | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 25 | 4 ·1m | 16 | — | — |
| Hyperlipidemia | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Disease / condition | C | 25 | 9 | 90 | — | — |
| Physical activity protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 25 | 9 | 267 | — | — |
| White blood cell count | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | B | 25 | 9 ·3m | 1 | — | — |
| Lead exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | B | 25 | 34 ·2m | — | — | — |
| hypercholesterolemia | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Disease / condition | C | 25 | 8 | 264 | — | proxy |
| Visceral adiposity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 24 | 89 | 2 | — | — |
| Coffee consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 24 | 10 ·2m | 2 | — | — |
| Secondhand smoke exposure | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 24 | 15 ·2m | 1 | — | — |
| Fruit and vegetable intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 24 | 20 ·1m | 2 | — | — |
| Advanced age | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 24 | 7 | 45 | — | — |
| Serum creatinine | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | C | 24 | 34 | 6 | — | — |
| Extreme heat exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | B | 23 | 12 ·2m | 1 | — | — |
| vascular dysfunction | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 23 | 5 | 44 | — | — |
| 9p21.3 locus variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | B | 22 | 19 ·2m | — | — | — |
| Neighborhood/built environment | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | B | 22 | 19 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| Psychological stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 22 | 4 | 71 | — | — |
| End-stage renal disease | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | C | 22 | 4 | 49 | — | — |
| fasting glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 22 | 4 | 138 | — | proxy |
| fasting insulin | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 22 | 4 | 103 | — | — |
| Renal function (eGFR) | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | C | 22 | 1 ·1m | 18 | — | — |
| Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 21 | 19 | 6 | — | — |
| Cold exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | B | 21 | 10 ·1m | 2 | — | — |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 21 | 5 | 20 | — | — |
| Carotid atherosclerosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 21 | 3 | 82 | — | — |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 21 | 3 | 28 | — | — |
| Vascular inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 20 | 1 ·1m | 13 | — | — |
| hyperglycemia | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 20 | 8 | 11 | — | — |
| Red/processed meat consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | B | 20 | 11 ·2m | — | — | — |
| preeclampsia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 20 | 6 | 13 | — | — |
| Anxiety disorder | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | C | 20 | 3 | 23 | — | — |
| Cognitive impairment | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 20 | 2 | 37 | — | — |
| Carotid artery disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 20 | 2 | 55 | — | — |
| Venous thromboembolism | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Disease / condition | C | 20 | 2 | 31 | — | — |
| Platelet aggregation | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 20 | 2 ·1m | 7 | — | — |
| Carotid artery plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 20 | 2 | 41 | — | — |
| Ambient air pollution | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | C | 20 | 2 ·1m | 7 | — | — |
| medication adherence protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 20 | 2 | 31 | — | — |
| Elevated triglycerides | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 20 | 2 | 30 | — | — |
| Influenza infection | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | C | 19 | 8 | 8 | — | — |
| Postprandial glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 19 | 3 ·1m | 4 | — | — |
| Psychosocial stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 19 | 5 ·1m | 2 | — | — |
| Cardiomyopathy | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 19 | 2 | 23 | — | — |
| Resistant hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | C | 19 | 8 | 7 | — | — |
| Social deprivation | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 18 | 31 | 1 | — | optional |
| Subclinical atherosclerosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 18 | 4 | 12 | — | — |
| Ambient temperature | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | B | 18 | 15 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Dietary sodium/salt intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 18 | 7 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 7 | 7 | — | proxy |
| Folate protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 32 | — | — |
| Thrombotic tendency | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 62 | — | — |
| Elevated homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 39 | — | — |
| Hyperinsulinemia | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 103 | — | — |
| Intermittent claudication (peripheral artery disease) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 18 | 1 | 152 | — | — |
| Carotid atherosclerosis (subclinical) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 18 | 1 | 34 | — | — |
| Abdominal obesity (central adiposity) | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 18 | 1 ·1m | 7 | — | — |
| Cerebral inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 130 | — | — |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 18 | 1 | 35 | — | — |
| Overweight | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 18 | 1 | 104 | — | proxy |
| Ionizing radiation exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | C | 18 | 1 | 29 | — | — |
| Dyslipidemia (lipid levels) | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 18 | 1 | 28 | — | — |
| Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | Genetic & Family History | Disease / condition | C | 18 | 1 | 28 | — | — |
| Arsenic exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | B | 18 | 13 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Hypothyroidism | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 17 | 10 | 4 | — | — |
| Nephropathy | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | C | 17 | 1 | 27 | — | — |
| Iron status (deficiency/overload) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 17 | 8 | 5 | — | — |
| Carotid plaque burden | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 17 | 1 | 26 | — | — |
| Coronary artery stenosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 17 | 1 | 26 | — | — |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 17 | 1 | 26 | — | — |
| carotid plaque presence | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 17 | 1 | 26 | — | — |
| Body mass index (BMI) | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 17 | 4 | 9 | — | — |
| Dementia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 17 | 1 | 24 | — | — |
| Cerebral small vessel disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 17 | 3 | 11 | — | — |
| Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 17 | 3 | 11 | — | — |
| insomnia | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 17 | 1 ·1m | 5 | — | — |
| testosterone | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 17 | 1 ·1m | 5 | — | — |
| Nitric oxide bioavailability protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 17 | 4 | 8 | — | — |
| Serum lipoprotein levels | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 16 | 1 | 21 | — | — |
| Apolipoprotein A-I protective | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 16 | 13 | 2 | — | — |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 16 | 2 | 13 | — | — |
| Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 16 | 2 | 13 | — | — |
| Proteinuria | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | C | 16 | 3 | 9 | — | — |
| Choline | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 16 | 2 | 12 | — | — |
| Alzheimer's disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 16 | 1 | 18 | — | — |
| Leukocyte telomere length protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 16 | 11 | 2 | — | — |
| Psoriatic arthritis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 16 | 2 ·1m | 2 | — | — |
| Congestive heart failure | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 15 | 2 | 10 | — | — |
| Vascular calcification | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 15 | 2 | 10 | — | — |
| Blood pressure variability | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 15 | 7 | 3 | — | — |
| Sympathetic nervous system activation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 15 | 7 ·1m | — | — | — |
| fiber intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 15 | 7 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Vascular (endothelial) dysfunction | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | C | 15 | 1 | 15 | — | — |
| Ceramides | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 15 | 30 | — | — | — |
| Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 15 | 2 | 9 | — | — |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 15 | 1 | 14 | — | — |
| von Willebrand factor | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 15 | 13 | 1 | — | — |
| cannabis use | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 15 | 6 | 3 | — | — |
| soluble ST2 | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 15 | 6 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Heart rate variability protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 14 | 3 | 6 | — | — |
| Nicotine exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | C | 14 | 1 | 13 | — | — |
| Vasculitis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 14 | 2 | 8 | — | — |
| Frailty | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 14 | 1 | 12 | — | — |
| Body weight | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 14 | 1 | 12 | — | — |
| Diabetic nephropathy | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | C | 14 | 1 | 12 | — | — |
| Vulnerable carotid plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 14 | 1 | 12 | — | — |
| Microalbuminuria | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | C | 14 | 4 | 4 | — | — |
| elevated fasting glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 14 | 2 ·2m | — | — | — |
| Pulmonary hypertension | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 14 | 2 | 7 | — | — |
| Genetic predisposition to coronary heart disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 14 | 2 | 7 | — | — |
| Impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 14 | 2 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| Obesity (BMI) | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 14 | 2 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 1 | 10 | — | — |
| Left ventricular dysfunction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 13 | 2 | 6 | — | — |
| IGF-1/Growth hormone axis | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 9 | 1 | — | — |
| Asymmetric dimethylarginine | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 3 | 4 | — | — |
| Low HDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 5 | 2 | — | — |
| mean platelet volume | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 5 | 2 | — | — |
| fibroblast growth factor 23 | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 13 | 5 | 2 | — | — |
| Chronic pain | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 13 | 2 | 5 | — | — |
| Family history of coronary heart disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 13 | 8 | 1 | — | — |
| Decreased cardiac output | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | C | 13 | 1 | 8 | — | — |
| Coronary occlusion | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 13 | 1 | 8 | — | — |
| ankle brachial index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | C | 13 | 1 | 8 | — | — |
| Copeptin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 3 | 3 | — | — |
| Sex | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 12 | 3 ·1m | — | — | core |
| Loneliness | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 12 | 3 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Endothelin-1 | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 3 | 3 | — | — |
| Resistin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 3 | 3 | — | — |
| hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 12 | 3 | 3 | — | — |
| Spinal cord injury | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 12 | 1 | 7 | — | — |
| Microvascular disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 12 | 1 | 7 | — | — |
| Mediterranean diet adherence protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 12 | 1 | 7 | — | — |
| Nut consumption protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 12 | 1 ·1m | 1 | — | — |
| air pollution exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | C | 12 | 1 | 7 | — | — |
| cardiac troponin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 1 | 7 | — | — |
| Valvular heart disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 12 | 2 | 4 | — | — |
| Hyperuricemia | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 2 | 4 | — | — |
| Dysglycemia | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 2 | 4 | — | — |
| Waist-to-height ratio | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | C | 12 | 13 | — | — | — |
| Hypercoagulability | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 12 | 6 | 1 | — | — |
| Inflammatory cytokine production | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| Elevated inflammatory cytokines | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| Cytokines | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| Plaque angiogenesis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| postmenopausal status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| pulmonary arterial hypertension | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| Vascular remodeling | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 11 | 5 | 1 | — | — |
| cocaine use | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 11 | 5 | 1 | — | — |
| Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 3 | 2 | — | — |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 3 | 2 | — | — |
| High-fat diet | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 11 | 3 | 2 | — | — |
| Fasting blood glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 2 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 11 | 2 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Central blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 11 | 2 | 3 | — | — |
| Angiotensin II | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 2 | 3 | — | — |
| 9p21 chromosomal locus variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 11 | 2 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Low job control | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 11 | 2 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Metabolic dysfunction | Glycemic & Metabolic | Physical parameter | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Food insecurity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| L-carnitine | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Coronary artery plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Elevated LDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Sex/gender | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Chronic heart failure | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Moyamoya disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| heart valve disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 11 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
| Mean arterial pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 10 | 4 | 1 | — | — |
| Serum lipid levels | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| Betaine | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| Autonomic dysfunction | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| Depressive symptoms | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| atherosclerosis progression | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| resting heart rate | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 10 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| Cardiac remodeling | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| E-selectin | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| Renal dysfunction | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| CADASIL | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| Plasma fibrinogen | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| Atherosclerotic plaque burden | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| Hostility/anger | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 10 | 8 | — | — | — |
| Myeloperoxidase | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 10 | 8 | — | — | — |
| Osteoprotegerin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| Platelet dysfunction | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| Platelet activation | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| Intermittent hypoxia | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | C | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| Dietary pattern | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Tooth loss / edentulism | Comorbid Conditions | Physical parameter | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Sleep-disordered breathing | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| ECG abnormalities | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Occupational noise exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Hypoglycemia (low fasting glucose) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Systolic hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Carotid plaque inflammation | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Autoimmune disease | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Marfan syndrome | Genetic & Family History | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Serum calcium | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Cerebrovascular disease (stroke/TIA) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| rs2383207 variant (9p21 locus) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| rs2383206 variant (9p21 locus) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| rs10757278 variant (9p21 locus) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| rs10757274 variant (9p21 locus) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Early-onset (premature) coronary artery disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Occupational/workplace stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Catecholamine concentrations | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Brachial pulse pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Long working hours (≥55 h/week) | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| High-sensitivity troponin I | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| High-strain job | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Passive job | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Active job protective | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| High job demand | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Smoking persistence (post-diagnosis) | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Smoking relapse | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Coronary artery lesions | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Kawasaki disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| Atheromatous (lipid-rich) carotid plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| GSTT1 null genotype | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| GSTT1 null genotype–smoking interaction | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Egg consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Dietary cholesterol intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| clopidogrel resistance | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| cardiac troponin T | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | C | 9 | 1 | 3 | — | — |
| restless sleep | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| poor social relationships | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | C | 9 | 1 ·1m | — | — | — |
| Autonomic nervous system dysfunction | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | C | 8 | 5 | — | — | — |
| small dense LDL | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 5 | — | — | — |
| Masked hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Folate intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Immune activation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Family history of coronary artery disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Chronic intermittent hypoxia | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Atherogenic dyslipidemia | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Impaired fasting glucose | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | proxy |
| Family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| Glycemic variability | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Plasminogen | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Plasmin | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Free fatty acids | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Hepatic triglyceride content | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Circulating phytosterols | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Systemic sclerosis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Male hypogonadism | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Sedentary lifestyle | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Blood viscosity | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Thrombin generation | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Visceral adiposity (central obesity) | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Imaging marker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Silent brain infarct | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| chronic inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| silent myocardial ischemia | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| dietary modification protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| sarcoidosis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| hyperphosphatemia | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Arterial wave reflection | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | C | 7 | 4 | — | — | — |
| Factor VIII | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Adverse childhood experiences | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Immune dysfunction | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Renin-angiotensin system activation | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Lower educational attainment | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Impaired glucose metabolism | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Interleukin-1 beta | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Low socioeconomic status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| moderate alcohol consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | C | 6 | 3 | — | — | — |
| Chronic infection | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| MTHFR gene mutation | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Fat mass | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Carotid bruit | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Aortic neovascularization | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Elevated cortisol | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Preterm delivery | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Vascular injury | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Atherosclerotic plaque instability | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Low birth weight | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Central aortic pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Plasma lipid levels | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Arterial remodeling | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Renovascular hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Vigorous physical activity protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Carotid plaque neovascularization | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Screen time / sedentary behavior | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Sedentary sitting time | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Family history of aortic disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Adipose tissue inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Whole grain consumption protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Phosphatidylcholine | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Gut microbiota composition | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Dietary quality | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Carotid plaque volume | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Hemodynamic dysfunction | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Xanthine oxidase activity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Diastolic hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Heart rate variability (HRV) protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Sortilin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Younger age protective | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Peripheral blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Coronary artery aneurysm | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Gingivitis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| White matter hyperintensities | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Cholesterol efflux capacity protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Atrioventricular block | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| subclinical coronary atherosclerosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| sleep fragmentation | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| perceived stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| height | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| sugar consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| Nocturnal blood pressure (non-dipping) | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| ApoB/ApoA1 ratio | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Dietary fat intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Diabetes duration | Glycemic & Metabolic | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Genetic susceptibility variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Gene-environment interaction | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Immune dysregulation | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Low ankle-brachial index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 9p21 genetic locus | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Systemic vasculitis | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Apolipoprotein A1 protective | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| APOE gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Procoagulant state | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Aortic atherosclerosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Augmentation index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Aortic stiffness | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Type A personality | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Prothrombotic state (hypercoagulability) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Plaque macrophage infiltration | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Prior cardiovascular disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 9p21.3 locus variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Pulse pressure amplification protective | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Nitrogen dioxide exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Adipose tissue dysfunction | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Elevated resting heart rate | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Chronic inflammatory disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Particulate matter exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Mercury exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Autonomic nervous system imbalance | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Central obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 5 | 2 | — | — | — |
| Homoarginine protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Job insecurity | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Medication non-adherence | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Lifestyle modification non-adherence | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced heart rate variability | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Body fat percentage | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total cholesterol to HDL ratio | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MMP3 gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hepatic lipase gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CETP gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| PON1 gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Genetic predisposition/familial clustering | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| VLDL accumulation | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein abnormalities | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Postprandial insulin | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid atherosclerosis burden/progression | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oxidized LDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Increased lipolysis | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated free fatty acids | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Lipodystrophy | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HAART-associated metabolic syndrome | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CBS gene mutation | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Proinflammatory state | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coagulation factor abnormalities | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired fibrinolysis | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Visceral adipose tissue | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Percent body fat | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Body fat distribution | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Serum amyloid A | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid atherosclerosis progression | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid stenosis severity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Aortic wall inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Proteolytic (protease) activity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elastic fiber degradation | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Daytime arterial hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Isolated systolic hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central systolic blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ventricular-vascular uncoupling | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Left ventricular stiffness | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low job decision latitude | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| High job strain | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low social support | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low educational attainment | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated cardiac sympathetic activity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired noradrenaline reuptake | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Panic disorder | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| NET gene promoter hypermethylation | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated central serotonin turnover | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated catecholamines | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acrolein exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Porphyromonas gingivalis infection | Environmental & Occupational | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Serum amyloid A (SAA) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Plaque apoptosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Plaque lipid content | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Proinflammatory cytokines | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Plaque smooth muscle cell content (decreased) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hemostatic abnormalities | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Environmental stress exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| T-lymphocyte adhesion to endothelium | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Modified (oxidized) lipoproteins | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (MSR1) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Particulate matter air pollution exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Genetic defects in homocysteine metabolism enzymes | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vitamin B cofactor deficiency (folate/B12/B6) | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Job strain (high demand/low decision latitude) | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial dysfunction (reduced nitric oxide bioactivity) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cell adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM-1, VCAM-1) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hemostatic factors (e.g. fibrinogen, factor VII) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Genetic variation in alcohol metabolism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low socioeconomic status/poverty | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Undernutrition | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Prenatal malnutrition | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low education/health literacy | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Limited healthcare access | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Childhood underweight | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Childhood stunting | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Childhood wasting | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Western diet/poor nutrient intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Regional adiposity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oxysterols | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fibrinogen beta-chain C148T polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fibrinogen beta-chain G854A polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Weight gain after smoking cessation | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cysteine cathepsins | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cathepsin S | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cathepsin K | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| US birthplace/higher acculturation | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Intense physical exertion | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acute anxiety | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acute anger | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oral contraceptive use | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Flow-mediated dilation (brachial) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 9p21 locus variant (rs1333049) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Nocturnal blood pressure elevation | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Higher educational attainment protective | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Limited social roles (single role occupancy) | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Multiple social roles protective | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Employment/occupational status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chemokines (general) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 9p21 locus genetic variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| APOB gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Alcohol use disorder | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MTHFR gene polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Methionine synthase (MTR) gene polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vitamin B6 intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vitamin B12 intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central pulse pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Systolic load (cardiac afterload) | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Skeletal muscle dysfunction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Physical deconditioning | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Increased vasoconstrictor tone | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial vasodilator function protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vascular deconditioning | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vital exhaustion | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Type A behavior pattern | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Anger and hostility | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Type D personality | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired nitric oxide bioavailability | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low testosterone | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low estradiol | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Arterial stiffness and remodeling | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chromosome 9p21.3 risk variant (rs1333049) | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LPA kringle IV-type 2 copy number variation | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Lipoprotein(a) isoform size | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) suppression | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Nitric oxide (NO) reduction | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelin-1 (ET-1) elevation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ETA receptor upregulation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ETB receptor downregulation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Autonomic nervous system activation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Inadequate work recovery | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired fibrinolysis (prothrombotic state) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Anti-lipoprotein lipase antibodies | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Autoimmune disease flare/activity | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Gingival inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Periodontal pathogenic bacteria exposure | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Serum IgG to periodontal pathogens | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Blood cadmium | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Urinary cadmium | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Borderline ankle-brachial index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Newly diagnosed dysglycemia | Glycemic & Metabolic | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Sleep disturbance | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Leptin/adiponectin ratio | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| High dietary purine intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired renal uric acid excretion | Renal & Electrolyte | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| High ankle-brachial index (>1.3) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Abdominal aortic calcification score | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Iliac-femoral artery calcification | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Pelvic vascular calcification | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hand/digital artery calcification | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vascular calcification (main arteries) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| End-stage renal disease (hemodialysis-dependent) | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hemodialysis duration | Renal & Electrolyte | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Serum phosphate | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low ankle-brachial index (<0.90) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CXADR gene variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CYP2C19 loss-of-function variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central systolic pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Microvascular endothelial permeability increase | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Severe or early-onset preeclampsia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Exercise-induced hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Beta-2 adrenergic receptor subsensitivity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Neointima formation | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60) | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Mild renal impairment | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coronary artery anomalies | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Connective tissue disorders | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Illicit drug use (including cocaine) | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Short/insufficient sleep duration | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HPA axis dysregulation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cardiac hyperreactivity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Arginine vasopressin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Early-onset severe preeclampsia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Familial aortic aneurysm | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type IV) | Genetic & Family History | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Family history of myocardial infarction | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid intima-media thickness progression | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Black/African-American race | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated carotid intima-media thickness | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Altered vascular reactivity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced nitric oxide synthase expression | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coronary artery disease genetic risk variants | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Heritability/genetic predisposition to coronary artery disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Atrial enlargement | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Aortic enlargement | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Subclinical (silent) myocardial ischemia | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| DAB2IP gene variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LRP1 gene variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LRP1 deficiency in vascular smooth muscle cells | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oxidative stress (free radicals) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Dietary fiber intake protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fish consumption protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total caloric intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Meat consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Dietary fat consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Trimethylamine (TMA) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Red meat consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| L-carnitine intake (dietary/supplemental) | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vegan/vegetarian diet protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hemostatic/thrombotic dysfunction | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Microbial translocation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Physiological hyperarousal | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HDL functionality (cholesterol efflux capacity) protective | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Particulate matter (PM10) air pollution | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Nitrogen oxides exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ozone exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chronic autoimmune inflammatory activity | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Leukocyte activation and vascular migration | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Autoimmune-mediated systemic inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| African American race/ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| White race/ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| VLDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low endothelial shear stress | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MicroRNA-92a | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| SH2B3 gene variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ABO blood group genetic variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HDAC9 genetic variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| RAI1-PEMT-RASD1 genetic locus | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| EDNRA genetic variant | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CYP17A1-CNNM2-NT5C2 genetic locus | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Genetic heritability | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HDL dysfunction | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Blood-brain barrier dysfunction | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| History of pre-eclampsia | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated non-HDL cholesterol | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Nighttime noise exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Sleep disruption | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated stress hormones (cortisol/catecholamines) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acute infection | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Physiological stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acute-phase reactants (e.g., CRP) | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial activation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| IL6R genetic variant (Asp358Ala) protective | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central aortic systolic pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central aortic pulse pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central aortic diastolic pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Alcohol abuse | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced glomerular filtration rate | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | proxy |
| Subclinical cerebrovascular abnormalities | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Asian ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CKD-associated mineral and bone disorder | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired exercise capacity | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Criminal justice involvement | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Incarceration history | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Antisocial behavior | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid plaque number | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid plaque thickness | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid plaque area | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid plaque vascularity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cutaneous/tendon xanthomas | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Parental heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ambient air pollution exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| PM2.5 exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| PM10 exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elemental carbon (black carbon) exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Preexisting cardiovascular disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Blood pressure reactivity to mental stress | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Central blood pressure reactivity to mental stress | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Carotid systolic blood pressure reactivity to mental stress | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Dysregulated adipokine production | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated resistin | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Oxidative and nitrosative stress | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Sleep arousals | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Glycemic dysmetabolism | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hypoalbuminemia | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vascular calcification propensity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MicroRNA-155 | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Macrophage inflammatory activation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Impaired macrophage lipid handling | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MicroRNA-126 protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Disturbed endothelial shear stress | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Comorbid depression and anxiety disorders | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Heavy metal exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LOX-1 ligand-containing apoB (LAB) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LOX index | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LDLR gene mutations | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| APOA5 gene mutations | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| LPL gene mutations | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| APOC3 gene mutations | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Methylmercury exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Inorganic mercury exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cardiac electrical dysfunction | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Autoimmune rheumatic disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Conicity index | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Body adiposity index | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cortisol dysregulation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chronic psychosocial stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Android (central) obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Subcutaneous adiposity protective | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Postmenopausal visceral fat accumulation | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Estrogen levels protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Genetic/heritable predisposition to ASCVD | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Nitric oxide signaling dysfunction | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Myocardial repolarization abnormality | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Circulating particulate matter constituents | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low fruit and vegetable intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Smokeless tobacco use | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Elevated waist-to-height ratio | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coagulation factor VIII | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coagulation factor IX | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Platelet-derived growth factor | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Unhealthy diet | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Sleep deprivation | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coarse particulate matter (PM10) exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Traffic-related air pollution exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Work-related stress | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Long working hours | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Aortic pulse pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Subendocardial viability ratio | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Anemia (low hemoglobin) | Comorbid Conditions | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Black race | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Hispanic ethnicity | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Prior myocardial infarction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Gut inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Active inflammatory bowel disease | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ectopic triglyceride accumulation | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Adolescent socioeconomic status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Adult socioeconomic status | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Upward social mobility protective | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cardiac autonomic function (vagal modulation) protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Urinary epinephrine excretion | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Urinary norepinephrine excretion | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Circadian misalignment | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Metabolically healthy obesity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Metabolically unhealthy normal weight | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Insulin secretion dysfunction | Glycemic & Metabolic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial glycocalyx shedding | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Endothelial permeability dysfunction | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Microthrombosis | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chronic rhinosinusitis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Calcified carotid plaque protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fibrous carotid plaque protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Intraplaque hemorrhage (carotid) | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ulcerated carotid plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Mobile carotid plaque | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Periodontitis (moderate) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Periodontitis (severe) | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cerebral microbleeds | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Polygenic risk score for coronary heart disease | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Common genetic variants (SNPs) associated with CHD | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Subclinical atherosclerotic burden | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| platelet adhesiveness | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| hemorheological abnormalities | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| aortic windkessel function | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| aortic elastin content protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| diastolic coronary perfusion protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| plasma catecholamines | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| heart rate reactivity to stress | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| QT/ventricular repolarization variability | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| baroreceptor sensitivity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| B-vitamin deficiency | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MTHFR C677T polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| DNA hypomethylation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Methylation cycle impairment | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Progressive atherosclerosis | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Mitral valve prolapse | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| PI3K pathway insulin signaling | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reduced PI3K pathway insulin signaling | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| MAPK pathway signaling | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Pro-inflammatory state | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Low-level lead exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| sinus arrest | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| apnea-hypopnea index | Comorbid Conditions | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| nocturnal hypoventilation | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ADH1C polymorphism | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Proinflammatory biomarkers | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Chronic low-grade inflammation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Serum zinc protective | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Fibrin deposition | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Smooth muscle cell migration | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Placental dysfunction | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Acculturation (length of US residence) | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coronary atherosclerosis progression | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Minimal lumen diameter protective | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Coronary lesion burden | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Effort-reward imbalance | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| High extrinsic effort (job stress) | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| overcommitment (job stress) | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| job reward (effort-reward imbalance) protective | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| hip circumference protective | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| excess adiposity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| salt sensitivity of blood pressure | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| subclinical vascular damage | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| carotid artery diameter | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| older age | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| aspirin resistance (high platelet reactivity) | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| platelet hyperactivity | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| rheumatoid arthritis-associated inflammation | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| macrophage infiltration | Inflammatory & Immune | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| T cell infiltration | Inflammatory & Immune | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| nocturnal hypoxia | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| impaired vasoreactivity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| increased vasoconstrictive response | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| adipokine imbalance | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| genetic susceptibility | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| poor work-life balance | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| autonomic nervous system dysregulation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| cardiovascular reactivity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| abdominal adiposity | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| macrophage scavenger receptor expression | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| macrophage cholesterol accumulation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| foam cell formation | Inflammatory & Immune | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| phosphatidylcholine intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| gut microbiota dysbiosis | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| FMO3 gene polymorphisms | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| central hemodynamic parameters | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| body height | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| proinflammatory pathways | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CXCL2 | Inflammatory & Immune | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HLA-C | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ABO locus | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| interferon-gamma signaling | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| IL6R loss-of-function variant protective | Genetic & Family History | Genetic / heritable | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| daytime hypertension | Blood Pressure & Hemodynamics | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| sympathetic nervous system overactivity | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| urine cadmium | Environmental & Occupational | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| NADPH oxidase activation | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| elevated adhesion molecules | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| platelet adhesion/aggregation | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| prothrombotic state | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| CD4 count | Comorbid Conditions | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| HIV-1 viral load | Comorbid Conditions | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| coronary blood flow disruption | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| impaired endothelial repair capacity | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| vascular biomechanical stress | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ectopic adipose tissue distribution | Anthropometric & Body Composition | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| age >65 years | Demographic & Social | Demographic / social | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| smoking history | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| other vascular aneurysms | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| autonomic nervous system hyperactivity | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| inflammatory cascade activation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| self-efficacy protective | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| self-care adherence protective | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| chronic kidney dysfunction | Renal & Electrolyte | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| primary Sjögren's syndrome | Comorbid Conditions | Disease / condition | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| coagulation factor VIIa | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| pulse wave index | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| soluble interleukin-2 receptor | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| cholesterol crystals | Lipids & Lipoproteins | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| neutrophil extracellular traps | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| atheroprone (disturbed) blood flow pattern | Hemostatic & Thrombotic | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| tissue hypoxia | Inflammatory & Immune | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| visceral adipose tissue macrophage infiltration | Inflammatory & Immune | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| impaired glucose and fatty acid uptake | Glycemic & Metabolic | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| cold temperature exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| climate change exposure | Environmental & Occupational | Physical parameter | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Plasma ceramides | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ceramide (d18:1/16:0) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ceramide (d18:1/18:0) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ceramide (d18:1/24:0) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ceramide (d18:1/24:1) | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Ceramide (d18:1/16:0)/(d18:1/24:0) ratio | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Reactive oxygen species | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Antioxidant depletion | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| beta-2 microglobulin | Renal & Electrolyte | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| endothelial apoptosis | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| trauma exposure | Psychosocial & Mental Health | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| aortic arch calcification | Imaging & Subclinical Disease | Imaging marker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| cytokine dysregulation | Inflammatory & Immune | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| elastinolysis | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| loss of calcification inhibitors | Novel & Emerging Biomarkers | Lab test / biomarker | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |
| excessive alcohol intake | Lifestyle & Behavioral | Behavior / exposure | D | 3 | 1 | — | — | — |